Levels of alpha-HCH, lindane, and enantiomeric ratios of alpha-HCH in marine mammals from the northern hemisphere

Hummert, Kerstin; Vetter, Walter; Luckas, Bernd

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00201-i

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although the ability to metabolise PCBs was previously thought to be less well developed in cetaceans than in pinnipeds (Boon et al, 1997), implying that cetaceans may be more sensitive to effects of exposure to POPs, more recent evidence (reviewed by Hall et al, 2006) suggests that this may not be the case. Immunoreactive proteins recognised by heterologous CYP2B antibodies are present in several cetaceans including harbour porpoises (White et al, 1994;Goksøyr, 1995;Hummert et al, 1995) and CYP1B-like amino acid sequences are present in striped dolphin cDNA (Godard et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

Pierce

Santos

Murphy

et al. 2008

Environmental Pollution

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High PCB levels were recorded in porpoises and common dolphins from European coasts. AbstractConcentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blubber of female common dolphins and harbour porpoises from the Atlantic coast of Europe were frequently above the threshold at which effects on reproduction could be expected, in 40% and 47% of cases respectively. This rose to 74% for porpoises from the southern North Sea. PCB concentrations were also high in southern North Sea fish. The average pregnancy rate recorded in porpoises (42%) in the study area was lower than in the western Atlantic but that in common dolphins (25%) was similar to that of the western Atlantic population. Porpoises that died from disease or parasitic infection had higher concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) than animals dying from other causes. Few of the common dolphins sampled had died from disease or parasitic infection. POP profiles in common dolphin blubber were related to individual feeding history while those in porpoises were more strongly related to condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

Pierce

Santos

Murphy

et al. 2008

Environmental Pollution

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“…When pure enantiomers were absent, ER were usually defined as the ratio of peak 1:peak 2 (given in text as ER (14). When pure enantiomers were available the ER were usually defined as ratio of (+)-form and (-)-form (given in text as El?(+/-)).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatographic separation of chiral organochlorines on modified cyclodextrin phases and results of marine biota samples

Vetter

Klobes

Hummert

et al. 1997

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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SummaryFour chiral stationary phases containing modified cyclodextrins diluted in or chemically bonded to a non-chiral phase were used to resolve chiral organochlorine compounds such as a-hexachlorocyclohexane (a-HCH), perdeuterated a-HCH (a-PDHCH), p-and y-pentachlorocyclohexene (PCCH), oxychlordane, cis-and transchlor-dane, cis-and trans-heptachlorepoxide, PCB 95, PCB 132, PCB 149, and chiral toxaphenes. The elution order was determined by analyzing standards with known enantiomeric excesses. Furthermore, an internal standard was used to even out slight variations in the ratio of peak heights of enantiomers which were determined from injection to injection. None of the chiral stationary phases resolved all chiral organochlorine compounds. However, the P-TBDM (35% heptakis (6-0-t- butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-0-methyl)-~-cyclodextrin in OV 1701)column allowed the separation of all compounds under investigation except for PCB 95 and chiral toxaphenes. Emphasis was placed on the separation of as many as possible enantiomers on a chiral phase by application of one temperature program and with respect to unambiguous quantitation of biological samples such as blubber and liver of marine and terrestrial mammals.

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“…However, early work on chiral POPs suggested, but could not prove, that cetaceans do have some capacity for biotransforming these contaminants. Blubber of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and whitebeaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) from the Atlantic were enriched in (þ)-a-HCH, with an EF range of 0.52 to 0.80 [253]. This enantiomer was also enriched in 10 cetacean species from the Pacific [263], with EFs ranging from 0.62 to 0.73.…”

Section: Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This observation was one of the first to suggest the existence of enantioselective blood-brain barrier transfer for pollutants. Grey sealsand harbor seals from Iceland [250,253,254], the Arctic, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea [253] had slight enrichments of (þ)-a-HCH in blubber (e.g. mean EF ¼ 0.58 and 0.54, respectively, in Iceland) [254].…”

Section: Pinnipedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mean EF ¼ 0.58 and 0.54, respectively, in Iceland) [254]. However, hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the Russian Arctic [253] and Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) from the Antarctic [250] preferentially accumulated (À)-a-HCH, indicating species-specific preferences for this compound [253]. Northern fur seals from the Japanese Pacific coast had enrichments of (þ)-a-HCH in blubber [240] with no correlation between seal age and enantiomer compositions.…”

Section: Pinnipedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chirality as an Environmental Forensics Tool

Wong

Warner

2009

Persistent Organic Pollutants

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Levels of alpha-HCH, lindane, and enantiomeric ratios of alpha-HCH in marine mammals from the northern hemisphere

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

Gas chromatographic separation of chiral organochlorines on modified cyclodextrin phases and results of marine biota samples

Chirality as an Environmental Forensics Tool

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