Levels of aflatoxin M1 in different types of milk collected in Serbia: Assessment of human and animal exposure

Škrbić, Biljana; Živančev, Jelena; Antić, Igor; Godula, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.039

Cited by 105 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the recent period aflatoxin M 1 was in the spotlight of public attention in Republic of Serbia due to the high contamination of milk with this mycotoxin during 2013 (Kos et al, 2014;Škrbić et al, 2014). Increased level of aflatoxin M 1 was most probably the consequence of the contamination of corn with fungi which consequently led to the contamination with aflatoxin B 1 in 2013 in Serbia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in the region of Vojvodina

Polovinski-Horvatović¹

2016

Mljekarstvo

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Aflatoxin М 1 was in the spotlight of public attention in Serbia and in the region in 2013 due to high level of this mycotoxin found in milk and milk products. Maximum allowed concentration of aflatoxin M 1 in milk by EU regulation is 50 ng/kg, while in the Republic of Serbia, allowed concentration by the current regulation is 250 ng/kg. During seven months period, from May to November, samples of raw milk were being taken from six farms, with 60 to 330 cows, from the region of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, the Republic of Serbia, for the purpose of monitoring the occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 in milk and its variation during this period. The highest level of 39.8 ng/kg was found in November, while the mean value for the whole period was 7.9 ng/kg. None of the samples had higher level of this mycotoxin than allowed by EU regulation or by current legislation of the Republic of Serbia. The second group of samples included a total of 38 samples of raw milk, from the period of October and November, were taken from different producers from the region of Vojvodina and analyzed on the occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 . In this group of samples, the occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 was much higher, with the average value of 230 ng/kg. The highest found value was 864 ng/kg. In 13 samples, the aflatoxin M 1 content was higher than the allowed by the legislation of the Republic of Serbia, while in 24 (63.2 %) samples determined concentration exceeded the value allowed by EU regulation. Data from this work suggest huge differences in the occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 in milk between the producers in this region. Regular monitoring is necessary to avoid situation with the elevated level of aflatoxin M 1 in milk. This measure will protect both the consumers and the producers of milk and milk product.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in the region of Vojvodina

Polovinski-Horvatović¹

2016

Mljekarstvo

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“…These two aspects comprise the main components of exposure assessment. Skrbic et al [45] estimated intakes of AFM1 for the Serbian adults as 1.420, 0.769 and 0.503 ng kg −1 bw per day during February, April and May of 2013, respectively, through consumed milk. Similar results were obtained by Kos et al [46] showing average intake for the adult population in the range of 0.49–0.56 ng kg −1 bw per day in 2013.…”

Section: Adverse Effects and Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on the Mycotoxins Incidence in Serbia in the Period 2004–2016

Udovički

Audenaert

Saeger

et al. 2018

Toxins

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With an average annual production of 6.9 M tonnes and 2.5 M tonnes of maize and wheat respectively, Serbia is one of the main grain producers and exporters in Europe. Cereals are also the major staple food in Serbian diet. In view of the high cereal consumption, for human and animal nutrition, the presence of mycotoxins entails a high public health risk of chronic exposure to mycotoxins. This study provides an overview of the incidence of predominant mycotoxins, mainly in cereal and dairy products, in Serbia, in the 2004–2016, using data reported in the scientific literature. The study demonstrated that the total prevalence of aflatoxins was 62.9% (n = 12,517) with 26.2% of the samples exceeding the EU limits during this period. Results obtained for T-2/HT-2 (n = 523), deoxynivalenol (n = 2907), fumonisins (n = 998), zearalenone (n = 689) and ochratoxin A (n = 740) indicated the prevalence of 45.5%, 42.9%, 63.3%, 39.3% and 28.1%, respectively. For these mycotoxins, the EU limits were less frequently exceeded. Comprehensive collection and analysis of all accessible information reviewed in this paper showed moderate incidence and prevalence of mycotoxins in Serbia, with an exception of the 2012 drought year and the 2014 flood year.

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“…Selain itu, ada juga aflatoksin M1 dan M2 yang terdapat pada produk susu. Pada saat sapi mengonsumsi pakan yang terkontaminasi aflatoksin, terjadi biotransformasi metabolik aflatoksin B1 menjadi bentuk terhidroksilasi yang disebut aflatoksin M1 dan M2 (Bennett et al 2003;Skrbi et al 2014); (2) Okratoksin, termasuk Okratoksin A, B dan C, merupakan metabolit dari A. ochraceus sebagai racun yang diproduksi oleh Aspergillus sp, okratoksin merupakan racun yang potensial dan penting seperti halnya aflatoksin. Target organ utama dari okratoksin A adalah ginjal dan dikenal sebagai nephrotoxin pada semua spesies hewan dan manusia (Creppy 1999); (3) Trikotesena, yang termasuk ke dalam jenis ini: Satratoksin-H, Vomitoksin, deoksinivalenol (DON) dan T-2 mikotoksin.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Ketika sapi yang sedang menyusui mengkonsumsi pakan yang terkontaminasi aflatoksin B1 (FB1), maka AFB1 ini dimetabolisme membentuk turunan monohidroksi, aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) yang disekresikan di dalam air susu (Skrbi et al 2014). Aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) dapat dideteksi dari air susu dalam waktu 12-24 jam setelah asupan AFB1 pertama kali, kemudian konsentrasinya menurun ke tingkat tidak terdeteksi setelah 72 jam sejak asupan awal dihentikan (Tsakiris et al 2013).…”

Section: Kejadian Mikotoksikosis Melalui Rantai Makananunclassified

Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

Martindah¹,

Bahri²

2017

WARTAZOA

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Mycotoxins contamination in animal feed is harmful to livestock and leads to residues, such as aflatoxin and its metabolites (aflatoxin M1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxin P1) which are deposited in meat, milk, and eggs. The existence of mycotoxins has been widespread; and mycotoxin is the most important contaminant in the food chain because it has implications for human health. Mold growth and mycotoxin production mainly depend on the weather, such as warm temperatures (28-31°C) and high humidity (60-90%). Some types of mold can produce more than one type of mycotoxin and some mycotoxins can be produced by more than one species of fungi. Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, and T2 toxin present in feed and feedstuffs that have to be controlled. Mycotoxins are not only harmful to the health of consumers, but will also reduce the quality of the product that is contaminated, and cause economic losses. The risk of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed could be reduced by inhibiting the mould growth and toxin production, through crop rotation, using proper fungicides, and applying regulation of mycotoxins maximum limit in feed and food in order to prevent any danger to public health. Key words: Mycotoxin, food chain, health, animal, human ABSTRAKCemaran mikotoksin dalam pakan ternak selain membahayakan kesehatan ternak juga menimbulkan residu, misalnya aflatoksin dan metabolitnya (aflatoksin M1, aflatoksikol, aflatoksin Q1 dan aflatoksin P1) dapat terdeposit pada daging, susu dan telur. Keberadaan mikotoksin telah meluas; dan mikotoksin merupakan kontaminan yang paling penting pada rantai makanan, karena berimplikasi bagi kesehatan manusia. Pertumbuhan kapang dan produksi mikotoksin terutama disebabkan oleh kondisi cuaca, seperti suhu yang hangat (28-31°C) dan kelembaban tinggi (60-90%). Beberapa jenis kapang dapat memproduksi lebih dari satu jenis mikotoksin dan beberapa mikotoksin diproduksi oleh lebih dari satu spesies kapang. Kandungan mikotoksin, khususnya aflatoksin, fumonisin, zearalenon, okratoksin, deoksinivalenol dan toksin T2 terdapat pada komoditas bahan pakan dan pakan sehingga perlu mendapat perhatian untuk dikendalikan. Mikotoksin tidak hanya berbahaya bagi kesehatan konsumen, tetapi juga akan menurunkan kualitas produk yang terkontaminasi sehingga menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar. Risiko kontaminasi mikotoksin pada pakan dapat dikurangi dengan menghambat pertumbuhan jamur dan produksi mikotoksin, rotasi tanaman, penggunaan fungisida dengan tepat dan penerapan regulasi batas maksimum mikotoksin pada pakan dan pangan guna mencegah bahaya lebih lanjut bagi kesehatan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Mikotoksin, rantai makanan, kesehatan, ternak, manusia PENDAHULUANMikotoksin adalah metabolit sekunder produk dari kapang berfilamen, dimana dalam beberapa situasi, dapat berkembang pada makanan yang berasal dari tumbuhan maupun dari hewan. Fusarium sp, Aspergillus sp dan Penicillium sp merupakan jenis kapang yang paling umum menghasilkan racun mi...

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Levels of aflatoxin M1 in different types of milk collected in Serbia: Assessment of human and animal exposure

Cited by 105 publications

References 17 publications

Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in the region of Vojvodina

Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in the region of Vojvodina

Overview on the Mycotoxins Incidence in Serbia in the Period 2004–2016

Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

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