Levels, distributions, and ecological risk assessments of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative flame retardants in river sediments from Vaal River, South Africa

Chokwe, Tlou B.; Magubane, Makhosazane N.; Abafe, Ovokeroye A.; Okonkwo, Jonathan O.; Sibiya, Innocentia Velaphi

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-04063-4

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A similar pattern was also noted during each of the other seasons (Table 1). However, no significant difference in temperatures was observed for the different sites (ANOVA, p = 0.879), consistent with the findings that temperature of wastewater generally mirrors the local prevailing ambient conditions [14,24,25]. According to Mahgoub et al [26], a rise in the WWTP influent temperature above 35 • C is associated with negative effects on biological activity during the treatment process, that may reduce the waste treatment efficiency.…”

Section: Industrial Wastewater Physicochemical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 79%

Investigating Industrial Effluent Impact on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Vaal, South Africa

Iloms

Ololade

Ogola

et al. 2020

IJERPH

151

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Industrial effluents with high concentrations of toxic heavy metals are of great concern because of their persistence and non-degradability. However, poor operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment infrastructure is a great concern in South Africa. In this study, physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals (HMs) concentration of wastewater from five different industries, Leeuwkuil wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) inflow and effluent, and Vaal River water samples were monitored between January and September 2017, to investigate the correlation between heavy metal pollution and the location of industries and ascertain the effectiveness of the municipal WWTP. Physico-chemical variables such as pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) exhibited both temporal and spatial variations with the values significantly higher in the industrial samples. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) results also showed that aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were significantly higher in industrial effluents (p < 0.05), with only Zn and Al exhibiting significant seasonal variability. Statistical correlation analysis revealed a poor correlation between physicochemical parameters and the HMs compositional quality of wastewater. However, toxic HMs (Zn, Cu and Pb) concentrations in treated wastewater from WWTP were above the permissible limits. Although the WWTP was effective in maintaining most of the wastewater parameters within South African Green drop Standards, the higher Cu, Zn, Pb and COD in its final effluent is a concern in terms of Vaal river health and biological diversity. Therefore, we recommend continuous monitoring and maintenance of the WWTPs infrastructure in the study area.

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Section: Industrial Wastewater Physicochemical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 79%

Investigating Industrial Effluent Impact on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Vaal, South Africa

Iloms

Ololade

Ogola

et al. 2020

IJERPH

151

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“…The concentrations of seven PBDE congeners (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209) ranged from 20 to 78 ng/g (dry weight) in a South African river. The dominant PBDE congeners in these samples were BDE-209, BDE-99, and BDE-153 at concentrations of 9.4-56, 4-32, and 1-10.6 ng/g, respectively [5]. Commercial BDE-209 is widely present in the soil around electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites and there appeared to be an explicit transfer of BDE-209 from the e-waste into the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…: Including 5.00% Gemmatimonadetes bacterium 4. : Including 3.33% Azoarcus indigens 5. : Include 3.33% Methylibium fulvum 6.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variation of Microbial Communities in Aquatic Sediments under Long-Term Exposure to Decabromodiphenyl Ether and UVA Irradiation

Chang

Chou

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Abiotic components create different types of environmental stress on bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the long-term exposure to various abiotic factors, namely a high-dose of the toxic chemical decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), continuous UVA irradiation, and different types of sediment, were evaluated in order to assess their influence on the bacterial community. The dominant bacterial community in a single stress situation, i.e., exposure to BDE-209 include members of Comamonadaceae, members of Xanthomonadaceae, a Pseudomonas sp. and a Hydrogenophaga sp. Such bacteria are capable of biodegrading polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). When multiple environmental stresses were present, Acidobacteria bacterium and a Terrimonas sp. were predominant, which equipped the population with multiple physiological characteristics that made it capable of both PBDE biodegradation and resistance to UVA irradiation. Methloversatilis sp. and Flavisolibacter sp. were identified as representative genera in this population that were radioresistant. In addition to the above, sediment heterogeneity is also able to alter bacterial community diversity. In total, seventeen species of bacteria were identified in the microcosms containing more clay particles and higher levels of soil organic matter (SOM). This means that these communities are more diverse than in microcosms that contained more sand particles and a lower SOM, which were found to have only twelve identifiable bacterial species. This is the first report to evaluate how changes in bacterial communities in aquatic sediment are affected by the presence of multiple variable environmental factors at the same time.

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“…Contamination of the environment with PBDEs has been reported in several studies in South Africa (Chokwe et al, 2019a;Daso et al, 2013b;Odusanya et al, 2009a;Olisah et al, 2020a;Olukunle et al, 2012). South Africa is faced with water scarcity, and there is growing demands on this resource with population increase and economy expansion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sources of brominated re retardants (BFRs) into the South African environment are still vague. However, they may enter the environment during the manufacturing and use of BFR-containing products, disposal, and from varying non-point sources such as atmospheric deposition, urban and agricultural runoffs (Daso et al, 2016), and the plastic industry which is the largest consumer of BFR (Chokwe et al, 2019a). The large metallurgical and chemical industries, smelting and mining companies, and a fast-growing petrochemical-based synthetic sector may also boost the use of BFRs in South Africa (Polder et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Water and Sediment of Nahoon River Estuary, South Africa

Ohoro

Adeniji

Semerjian

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The concentrations, potential sources, and compositional profile of PBDEs in the surface water and sediment of Nahoon Estuary, East London, South Africa, were investigated with solid-phase extraction and ultra-sonication, respectively, followed by gas-chromatography-electron capture detection. The seasonal range of the contaminants’ concentrations in water and sediment samples in spring season were ƩPBDE 329 ± 48.3 ng/L (25.32–785 ng/L) and ƩPBDE 4.19 ± 0.35 ng/g dw (1.91–6.57 ng/g), but ƩPBDE 62.1 ± 1.50 ng/L (30.1–110 ng/L) and ƩPBDE 65.4 ± 15.9 ng/g dw (1.98–235 ng/g) in summer, respectively. NH1 (first sampling point) was the most contaminated site with PBDE in the Estuary. The potential source of pollution is attributed to the stormwater runoff from a creek emptying directly into the Estuary. This study's dominant PBDE congener is BDE- 17, ranging from below detection limit to 247 ng/L and 0.14–32.1 ng/g in water and sediment samples, respectively. Most commonly detected at all the sites were BDE- 17, 47, 66, and 100. Most BDE- 153 and 183 are found in sediment in agreement with the fact that higher brominated congeners of PBDE adsorb to solid materials. There was no correlation between the congeners and organic carbon and organic matter. However, the human health risk assessment conducted revealed that the PBDE concentration detected in the estuary pose low eco-toxicological risk. Nevertheless, constant monitoring should be ensured to see that the river remains safe for all the users, as it serves as a form of recreation to the public and a catchment to some neighbourhoods around the river.

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Levels, distributions, and ecological risk assessments of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative flame retardants in river sediments from Vaal River, South Africa

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Investigating Industrial Effluent Impact on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Vaal, South Africa

Investigating Industrial Effluent Impact on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Vaal, South Africa

Variation of Microbial Communities in Aquatic Sediments under Long-Term Exposure to Decabromodiphenyl Ether and UVA Irradiation

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Water and Sediment of Nahoon River Estuary, South Africa

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