2020
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031096
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Abstract: Industrial effluents with high concentrations of toxic heavy metals are of great concern because of their persistence and non-degradability. However, poor operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment infrastructure is a great concern in South Africa. In this study, physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals (HMs) concentration of wastewater from five different industries, Leeuwkuil wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) inflow and effluent, and Vaal River water samples were monitored between January and Sept… Show more

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Cited by 122 publications
(47 citation statements)
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References 44 publications
(54 reference statements)
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“…Meanwhile, COD is a standard test for water to consume oxygen in the form of potassium dichromate during the degradation of organic matter and inorganic chemicals such as ammonia and nitrite for a few hours [35]. Non-biodegradable organic matter in the influent that may be inefficiently degraded by the biological effluent treatment processes is indicated by high concentrations of BOD: COD ratios [36]. As demonstrated in Table 2, the FeCu BNPs was used to treat coal mine wastewater with an initial COD concentration of 1557 mg/L.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Meanwhile, COD is a standard test for water to consume oxygen in the form of potassium dichromate during the degradation of organic matter and inorganic chemicals such as ammonia and nitrite for a few hours [35]. Non-biodegradable organic matter in the influent that may be inefficiently degraded by the biological effluent treatment processes is indicated by high concentrations of BOD: COD ratios [36]. As demonstrated in Table 2, the FeCu BNPs was used to treat coal mine wastewater with an initial COD concentration of 1557 mg/L.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…COD concentrations were relatively high, exceeding the permissible surface water quality standards between Stations IV and VIII, and tended to increase towards downstream areas (Table 4 and Figure 3). According to Iloms (2020), high concentrations of COD are sourced from waste oil that enters the river. Oil entering the waters of the Logawa River comes from areas near settlements starting from Station IV (Figure 1).…”
Section: Species Richnessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Heavy metals enter the meat though feedlots and water used in raising the donor animals ( 3 , 41 ). Furthermore, environmental pollution with sewage and urban agriculture which thrives on it helps propagate heavy metal bio-accumulation in foods ( 11 , 42 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%