Levels and physico-chemical associations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in road sediments

Hamilton, R.; Revitt, D. Mike; Warren, R.S.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(84)90381-4

Cited by 87 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A high percentage (3.62-89.62%) of Cu was found in the oxidizable fraction, indicating that high organic matter and sulphide absorbed Cu and played a significant role in controlling the mobilization of this element. Cu is usually reported to dominate in the organic and residual fractions [17,24,29,30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Pattern of Metals in Atmospheric Settling Dust along Roads in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Okunola

Uzairu

Shallangwa

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Chemistry

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The sequential extraction of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn in atmospheric dust particles collected along ten high traffic roads in Kano metropolis was carried out. Analyses of metals in the extracts were done using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The samples analyzed for metals indicated high levels of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the atmospheric dust samples. The sequential extractions that showed significant amount of Cd were associated with CO 3 2− and Fe-MnO fractions especially during the dry seasons. For Cr and Ni, their occlusion in crystal lattice of the soil fraction exhibited the highest percentage. Pb in the particulate dust samples is significantly associated with the carbonate bound fraction with range of 8.81-64.69% across the season. The behaviour of Cu is quite different from other metals in that percentage fractions are higher in the organic bound. As for Zn, significant amounts were associated with the residue fractions ranging from 0.96 to 87.50% across the seasons. This study revealed contamination of the particulate dust with Cd and Pb; this implies health risks to human, living or carrying out daily activities along the corridors of these roads.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Pattern of Metals in Atmospheric Settling Dust along Roads in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Okunola

Uzairu

Shallangwa

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Chemistry

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“…This study finds that about 50% by mass of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the roadway environment are smaller than 500-μm and street sweeping is effective for collecting particles only if they are larger than 250-μm; consequently the other 50% of metals are flushed with the stormwater runoff. The study shows that the concentration of heavy metals has a seasonal pattern with the lowest percentages in August to December and the highest in March; it also has a direct relation to the traffic density of the road environment (Hamilton et al, 1984). Another study conducted in Ontario, Canada discovered that the CSO toxicity of highway runoff with 24% was noticeably higher than other locations.…”

Section: Combined Sewer Overflow (Cso)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Other studies have shown that CSO increases the presence of heavy metals, nutrients, organic matter, contaminants, pathogens, debris, etc. in waterways (El Samrani et al, 2004;El Samrani et al, 2008;Grout, Wiesner, & Bottero, 1999;Hamilton et al, 1984;Marsalek et al, 1999).…”

Section: Combined Sewer Overflow (Cso)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout the United States, these systems are in widespread use and serve about 40 million people in 772 communities (USEPA, 2008). CSOs disrupt the adjacent waterways by rapid runoff, the transportation of heavy metals, and the depletion of dissolved oxygen which also endangers the aquatic life (Hamilton, Revitt, & Warren, 1984;Hvitved-Jacobsen, 1982;Shuster, Bonta, Thurston, Warnemuende, & Smith, 2005).…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of slope and paver characteristics on performance of permeable pavement GI.

Ehsaei¹

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DEDICATIONI dedicate my dissertation to my family and many friends. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, whose words of encouragement and push got me this far. I also dedicate this dissertation to my wife, who stood by me, and I will always appreciate all her support throughout the process. This dissertation is an experimental study based on the findings of two Green Infrastructure (GI) stormwater control measures (SCMs) in Louisville, KY, which focused on the effects of the physical environment on the performance of GI. The GI installed in Louisville are suffering from extensive and rapid surface clogging and in order to optimize current and future GI, an understanding of the factors affecting the performance of the system is required. The study used the current literature to determine the surrounding factors and those of the permeable surface that had not been investigated enough, and used several configurations of GI to determine the effects of these variables on the surface clogging. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe module used to test these variables was a wooden flume, specifically designed and constructed from plywood so that the variables of the experiment could be incorporated in testing. The flume simulates a permeable pavement system with storage gallery and a bedding layer, and is paved with three different interlocking concrete pavements that provide gaps of three different sizes. The flume's longitudinal slope can be adjusted, and the permeable joint material can be included. The performance of the vi flume was measured using 7 time domain reflectometer (TDRs) instruments, manufactured by Campbell Scientific, which are located inside the storage gallery.After conducting 21 experiments with various configurations, the data was analyzed to reveal meaningful information. As expected, the experiments with permeable joint material show a clear separation for the sediment deposited on the surface, where empty gaps resulted in inorganics being deposited on the up gradient and organics on the down gradient.The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the progression of clogging and progression of infiltration edge on the permeable surface showed that the increase of gap size from 6 mm to 9 mm did not result in a significant change, but the change to 12 mm gaps resulted in a significantly different rate for the progression of the first rate. The presence of #8 aggregate in the gaps resulted in significant changes in both rates and finally the change of slope from 1% to 3% created a significant change in the rate at which surface clogging progressed.vii

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“…2002 ;Walling 2005 ) which is fundamental to developing these strategies (Taylor 2007 ;Owens et al 2001 ) and a holistic approach to these problems is therefore needed. However, urban catchments are rarely " joined up " , with many having been artifi cially cut off from their catchments historically (Charlesworth & Foster 1993 ), and many studies have historically broken down the urban aquatic environment into " road reaches " (Hamilton et al . 1984 ;Harrison et al .…”

Section: Site S Pecifi Citymentioning

confidence: 99%