Levels and correlates of physical activity and screen time among early years children (2–5 years): Cross‐cultural comparisons between Canadian and South Korean data

Abstract

Background Cross‐cultural research can provide insight into whether levels and correlates of movement behaviours among early years children vary across different cultural contexts. This study (1) compared children's physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) and parental and environmental correlates of PA and ST between samples of Canadian and South Korean (Korean thereafter) early years children (2–5 years) and (2) investigated parental and environmental correlates of PA and ST and whether country moderates the relationships. Methods Cross‐sectional data from 121 Canadian children (3.4 years; 49.6% girls) and 101 Korean children (3.4 years; 54.9% girls) who participated in the Parents' Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour habits (PREPS) study were used. Demographic information, children's PA, ST, PA‐ or ST‐specific parental cognitions and behaviours, and home and neighbourhood environments were measured using a proxy‐reported questionnaire. Two‐tailed independent samples T test or Mann Whitney U test, chi‐square tests, linear regression and moderation analyses were performed. Results Canadian children spent more time in non‐organized PA compared to Korean children (111 vs. 63 min/day), whereas time spent in organized PA was higher in Korean children than Canadian children (25 vs. 9 min/day). Canadian children had more ST than Korean children (159 vs. 110 min/day). Similarly, Canadian parents reported higher screen (142 vs. 116 min/day) and sitting time (317 vs. 286 min/day) than Korean parents. Though children's behaviours, as well as parental cognitions and behaviours, varied between the two samples, similar correlates of children's PA and ST were observed. The relationship between presence of electronics in children's bedrooms and children's ST was moderated by country, with Canadian children showing a stronger relationship than Korean children. Conclusions Supporting parents to adopt cognitions and behaviours that are conducive to healthy PA and ST patterns of their own and their early years children may be important for both Canada and Korea.

Screen time and myopia: A serial multiple mediator SEM analysis

“…Model one focused on the relationship between ST and SB, holding all else equal, an increase of 10% in ST was associated with a 1.2% increase in SB, statistically significant (Coefficient = 0.120, SD = 0.037, P < 0.05). This conclusion is consistent with the extant literature, especially in the East Asian countries ( 32 , 33 ). Of interest, these countries were defined characteristically by a high prevalence of online learning; accordingly, online learning might bring an inevitable disadvantage and impair the eyesight of college students.…”

Prevalence of meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines from pre-school to adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 387,437 participants and 23 countries

“…A total of 387,437 participants (49% of boys and 51% of girls) aged 3–18 years were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, of which 11,768 were preschoolers (3–5 years; 3%), 76,928 (6–12 years; 20%) were children, and 298,741 (13–18 years; 77%) were adolescents. Twenty-six studies were conducted with preschoolers only, 8 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 13 studies with children only, 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 17 studies with adolescents only, 11 , 12 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 and 7 studies with both children and adolescents. 9 , 10 , 76 , 77 ...…”

“…Regarding the measurement of the 3 components of the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, physical activity was obtained by device-based measures in 37 studies, 8 , 9 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 59 , 64 , 65 , 73 , 76 , 78 , 81 self-reported measures in 22 studies, 10 , 11 , 12 , 50 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 74 , 75 , 77 , 79 , 80 and parent-reported measures in 4 studies. 32 , 45 , ...…”

“… 32 , 45 , 48 , 56 Screen time was self-reported in 35 studies, 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 and were parent-reported in 28 studies. 8 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 52 , ...…”

“… 8 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 56 Sleep duration was obtained by device-based measures in 20 studies, 8 , 9 , 24 , 26 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 42 , 43 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 59 , 64 , 73 , 76 , 78 self-reported measures in 26 studies, 10 , 11 , 12 , 45 , 50 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 66 , 67 , …”