Level of crude protein in concentrate supplements influenced rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Chanthakhoun, V.; Wanapat, Metha; Berg, Jan Bouwe van den

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2011.11.011

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As expected, ruminal NH 3 -N linearly increased when dietary CP levels increased and this has been previously reported by Chanthakhoun et al [36] and Chen et al [37], because ruminal NH 3 -N is an end product of protein degradation it was expected that increased dietary CP levels would increase ruminal NH 3 -N concentration. Ruminal NH 3 -N concentration of 2.4 mg/100 mL have been reported as the minimum concentration for adequate microbial growth [38] [39], which is within the levels reported in the present study.…”

Section: Nitrogen Metabolism and Microbial Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 85%

0231 Effects of static or oscillating dietary crude protein levels on fermentation dynamics of beef cattle diets using a dual-flow continuous culture system

Amaral

Mariz

Benedeti

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary crude protein (CP) levels and also comparing the effects of static versus oscillating dietary CP on ruminal nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and microbial efficiency in beef cattle diets using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Eight fermenters (1,223 ± 21 mL) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with periods lasting 12 d each (8 d for adaptation and 4 d for sampling). Dietary treatments were: 1) 10% CP, 2) 12% CP, 3) 14% CP, and 4) 10 and 14% CP diets oscillating at 48-h intervals. Experimental diets consisted of 50% orchard hay and 50% concentrate. Fermenters were fed 72 g/d and solid and liquid dilution rates were adjusted to 5.5 and 11%/h, respectively. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with α = 0.05. Apparent and true ruminal digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter were not affected (P > 0.05) by increasing dietary CP, nor by oscillating dietary CP. Total volatile fatty acids concentration and molar proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, iso-butyrate and iso-valerate were not affected (P > 0.05) by increasing or oscillating dietary CP. Ruminal NH 3 -N concentration increased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to increasing dietary CP. Total N, non-ammonia N, and rumen undegraded protein flows did not differ among treatments or between oscillating dietary CP and static 12% CP. Microbial N and NH 3 -N flows and microbial efficiency did not differ when comparing oscillating versus static CP (P > 0.05). However, there was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) for these variables when dietary CP was increased. These results indicate that either ruminal microorganisms do not respond to oscillating CP levels or are capable of coping with 48-h periods of undernourishment.

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Section: Nitrogen Metabolism and Microbial Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 85%

0231 Effects of static or oscillating dietary crude protein levels on fermentation dynamics of beef cattle diets using a dual-flow continuous culture system

Amaral

Mariz

Benedeti

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The degradation products of feed protein, including peptides, amino acids, ammonia N, isobutyrate and isovalerate, were essential for ruminal microbial growth (Granzin & Dryden, ). Therefore, ruminal abundance of total bacteria, R. albus and F. succinogenes increased with increasing dietary CP level (Chanthakhoun et al, ; Wang et al, ). Folic acid is also required by some strains of ruminal microbes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rumen‐protected folic acid and dietary protein level on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic gene expression of dairy calves

Wang

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study evaluated the effects of rumen‐protected folic acid (RPFA) supplementation and dietary protein level on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic gene expression in calves. Forty Holstein male calves (161 ± 5.7 days of age and 192 ± 5.4 kg of body weight) were assigned to one of four groups in a randomized experimental design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate crude protein (130.1 g CP/kg [MCP] or high crude protein (150.2 g CP/kg [HCP]) diets were fed without (RPFA−) or with 3.6 mg FA (RPFA+) as RPFA per kg dietary dry matter (DM). Calves were fed a total mixed ration with a corn silage to concentrate ratio of 50:50 on a DM basis. The CP×RPFA interaction was not significant for any of the studied variables. The unchanged DM intake, higher average daily gain and lower feed conversion ratio were observed for HCP or RPFA+. Ruminal pH was lower, and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was higher for HCP or RPFA+. Acetate proportion was higher, and propionate proportion was lower for HCP or RPFA+. As a result, the higher acetate to propionate ratio was observed. Ruminal ammonia N was higher for HCP, but was lower with RPFA supplementation. The higher digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NDF was observed. Blood glucose and insulin were unchanged, but albumin, total protein, GH and IGF‐1 were higher. Similarly, the higher hepatic expression of GH, IGF‐1, GHR, IGF‐1R, PI3K, mTOR and P70S6K was observed for HCP or RPFA+. The results indicated that increasing dietary CP content or supplementation with RPFA promoted growth performance of calves by improving nutrient utilization and up‐regulating hepatic expression of gene related to protein synthesis.

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“…The increased total PD excretion indicated that microbial protein synthesis was improved with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Similarly, some studies found that total PD excretion significantly increased with increasing dietary CP content (Broderick, 2003;Chanthakhoun et al, 2012).…”

Section: Urinary Excretion Of Purine Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Chanthakhoun et al. () reported that populations of total bacteria, R. albus and F. succinogenes increased with increasing dietary CP level in buffaloes. Similarly, dietary BCVFA supplementation provided essential nutrient for ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and promoted microbial growth (Cummins & Papas, ; Flachowsky et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adequate amount of dietary crude protein (CP) could promote ruminal microbial growth and production performance of animals (Argyle & Baldwin, 1989;Atasoglu, Newbold, & Wallace, 2001). Numerous studies reported that increasing dietary CP level improved dry matter (DM) intake, nutrient digestibility (Chanthakhoun, Wanapat, & Berg, 2012;Weigel, Elliott, & Clark, 1997), ruminal fermentation (Granzin & Dryden, 2002;Weigel et al, 1997), microbial protein synthesis and ruminal bacterial populations (Granzin & Dryden, 2002). Nevertheless, no literature reported the effects of different dietary CP levels on populations of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of carboxymethylcellulase, cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase, α-amylase and protease in steers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary protein levels and 2‐methylbutyrate on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, bacterial populations and urinary purine derivatives in Simmental steers

Wang

Liu

Guo

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) levels and 2-methylbutyrate (MB) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, bacterial populations, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in Simmental steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers, averaging 18 months of age and 465 ± 8.6 kg of body weight (BW), were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design by a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Low protein (98.5 g CP/kg dry matter [LP] or high protein (128.7 g CP/kg dry matter [HP]) diets were fed with MB supplementation (0 g [MB-] or 16.8 g steer day [MB+]). Steers were fed a total mixed ration with dietary corn straw to concentrate ratio of 50:50 (dry matter [DM] basis). The CP × MB interaction was observed for ruminal total VFA, molar proportions of acetate and propionate, acetate to propionate ratio, ammonia-N, effective degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and CP, microbial enzyme activity, bacterial populations and total PD excretion (p < .05). Ruminal pH decreased (p < .05), but ruminal total VFA concentration increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Acetate molar proportion increased (p = .043) with MB supplementation, but was not affected by dietary CP level. Propionate molar proportion decreased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Consequently, acetate-to-propionate ratio increased (p = .001) with MB supplementation, but was not affected by dietary CP level. Ruminal ammonia-N content increased (p = .034) with increasing dietary CP level, but decreased (p = .012) with MB supplementation. The effective degradability of NDF and CP increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Microbial enzyme activity, bacterial populations and total PD excretion also increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. The results indicated that ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, microbial enzyme activity, ruminal bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis improved with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation in steers.

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Level of crude protein in concentrate supplements influenced rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

0231 Effects of static or oscillating dietary crude protein levels on fermentation dynamics of beef cattle diets using a dual-flow continuous culture system

0231 Effects of static or oscillating dietary crude protein levels on fermentation dynamics of beef cattle diets using a dual-flow continuous culture system

Effects of rumen‐protected folic acid and dietary protein level on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic gene expression of dairy calves

Effects of dietary protein levels and 2‐methylbutyrate on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, bacterial populations and urinary purine derivatives in Simmental steers

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