Effects of dietary protein levels and 2‐methylbutyrate on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, bacterial populations and urinary purine derivatives in Simmental steers

Wang, C.; Liu, Q.; Guo, Gang; Huo, Weiguang; Pei, Caixia; Zhang, S. L.; Yang, Wenzhu

doi:10.1111/jpn.12797

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Further investigation of the interaction indicates that ammonia concentration for LF-IA was greater compared with LF-C. Ruminal ammonia concentrations in response to IA are likely related to dietary protein supply. For example, Wang et al (2018) observed an interaction between 2-methylbutyrate supplementation and dietary protein levels (10 and 13% on a DM basis) in steers. With the low-protein diet, ruminal ammonia concentration was lower when 2-methylbutyrate was supplemented, but this did not occur with the high-protein diet.…”

Section: Main Effect Of Ia Within the Lf Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure

Lee

Copelin

Park

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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The experiment was conducted to understand ruminal effects of diet modification during moderate milk fat depression (MFD) and ruminal effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBa) and isoacids on alleviating MFD. Five ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with the following 5 dietary treatments (dry matter basis): a high-forage and low-starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil (HF-C); a low-forage and high-starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil (LF-C); the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa (0.11%; 28 g/d; LF-HMTBa); the LF-C diet supplemented with isoacids [(IA) 0.24%; 60 g/d; LF-IA]; and the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa and IA (LF-COMB). The experiment consisted of 5 periods with 21 d per period (14-d diet adaptation and 7-d sampling). Ruminal samples were collected to determine fermentation characteristics (0, 1, 3, and 6 h after feeding), long-chain fatty acid (FA) profile (6 h after feeding), and bacterial community structure by analyzing 16S gene amplicon sequences (3 h after feeding). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) in a Latin square design. Preplanned comparisons between HF-C and LF-C were conducted, and the main effects of HM-TBa and IA and their interaction within the LF diets were examined. The LF-C diet decreased ruminal pH and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with no major changes detected in ruminal FA profile compared with HF-C. The α-diversity for LF-C was lower compared with HF-C, and β-diversity also differed between LF-C and HF-C. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera associated indirectly with fiber degradation was influenced by LF-C versus HF-C. As the main ef-fect of HMTBa within the LF diets, HMTBa increased the ratio of acetate to propionate and butyrate molar proportion. Ruminal saturated FA were increased and unsaturated FA concentration were decreased by HMT-Ba, with minimal changes detected in ruminal bacterial diversity and community. As the main effect of IA, IA supplementation increased ruminal concentration of all branched-chain volatile FA and valerate and increased the percentage of trans-10 C18 isomers in total FA. In addition, α-diversity and the number of functional features were increased for IA. Changes in the abundances of bacterial phyla and genera were minimal for IA. Interactions between HMTBa and IA were observed for ruminal variables and some bacterial taxa abundances. In conclusion, increasing diet fermentability (LF-C vs. HF-C) influenced rumen fermentation and bacterial community structure without major changes in FA profile. Supplementation of HMTBa increased biohydrogenation capacity, and supplemental IA increased bacterial diversity, possibly alleviating MFD. The combination of HMTBa and IA had no associative effects in the rumen and need further studies to understand the interactive mechanism.

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Section: Main Effect Of Ia Within the Lf Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure

Lee

Copelin

Park

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Improved digestibility of NDF and NDF responsive to MI makes more fermentation metabolites, such as VFAs, available in the rumen. For example, Wang et al (2018b) found that supplementation with 16.8 g of 2-methylbutyrate per steer per day increased the molar ratio of effectively degradable NDF and rumen acetate. Similar results were observed in this study, suggesting that supplementation with 0.3% MI could significantly improve the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF, thereby increasing the ADG and ADMI in yaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoacids supplementation improves growth performance and feed fiber digestibility associated with ruminal bacterial community in yaks

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThis study was conducted to assess the effect of mixed isoacid (MI) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient apparent digestibility, growth performance, and rumen bacterial community in yaks.MethodsA 72-h in vitro fermentation experiment was performed on an ANKOM RF gas production system. MI was added to five treatments at doses of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% on the dry matter (DM) basis of substrates using a total of 26 bottles (4 bottles per treatment and 2 bottles as the blank). Cumulative gas production was measured at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. Fermentation characteristics including pH, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial proteins (MCP), and the disappearance rate of dry matter (DMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) were measured after a 72-h in vitro fermentation to determine an optimal MI dose. Fourteen Maiwa male yaks (180–220 kg, 3–4 years old of age) were randomly assigned to the control group (without MI, n = 7) and the supplemented MI group (n = 7, supplemented with 0.3% MI on DM basis) for the 85-d animal experiment. Growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial diversity were measured.ResultsSupplementation with 0.3% MI achieved the greatest propionate and butyrate content, NDFD and ADFD compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, 0.3% was used for the animal experiment. Supplementation with 0.3% MI significantly increased the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P < 0.05), and the average daily weight gain of yaks (P < 0.05) without affecting the ruminal concentration of NH3-N, MCP, and VFAs. 0.3% MI induced rumen bacteria to form significantly different communities when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). g__norank_f__Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group, g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae, g__Veillonellaceae_UCG-001, g__Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 and g__Flexilinea were identified as the biomarker taxa in responding to supplementation with 0.3% MI. Meanwhile, the abundance of g__Flexilinea and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 were significantly positively correlated with the NDF digestibility (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, supplementation with 0.3% MI improved the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, feed fiber digestibility, and growth performance in yaks, which was associated with changes of the abundance of g__Flexilinea and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39.

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Pilot Study of the Effect of Plant‐Based Enteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiota in Chronically Ill Tube‐Fed Children

McClanahan

Yeh

Firek

et al. 2019

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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BackgroundDietary intake sharply impacts the structure and function of the gut microbiota, which is important for childhood health. However, little is known about the microbiota of children who cannot eat by mouth. Standard enteral formulas for supplemental nutrition are low in fiber and high in processed sugars and are commonly associated with gastrointestinal side effects. In this pilot study, we examined the effects of plant‐based enteral nutrition (PBEN) upon the gut bacteria of chronically ill children.MethodsTen children (median age 3.5 years, age range 2–8 years) dependent upon conventional enteral formula were transitioned to PBEN for 2 months. Microbial diversity within fecal samples collected before and after PBEN was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis and was compared with rectal swabs from healthy children. Fecal short‐chain fatty acids and bile acids were measured in parallel.ResultsRelative to control samples, fecal samples from study subjects were depleted of commensals (eg, Faecalibacterium) and enriched with pathogens (eg, Enterococcus). Postintervention samples from study subjects were more similar to healthy controls. Most subjects experienced PBEN‐induced alterations in the gut microbiota, but these changes varied significantly across individuals. Clinical diaries indicated that PBEN was well tolerated, with improvement in symptoms noted in several subjects.ConclusionResults from this pilot study suggest that PBEN is well tolerated and could improve the health of the microbiota in chronically ill children. This trial provides a rationale for systematic evaluation of PBEN in clinical trials of children who require supplemental nutrition.

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Effects of dietary protein levels and 2‐methylbutyrate on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, bacterial populations and urinary purine derivatives in Simmental steers

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure

Isoacids supplementation improves growth performance and feed fiber digestibility associated with ruminal bacterial community in yaks

Pilot Study of the Effect of Plant‐Based Enteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiota in Chronically Ill Tube‐Fed Children

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