Levan (β‐2, 6‐fructan), a major fraction of fermented soybean mucilage, displays immunostimulating properties via Toll‐like receptor 4 signalling: induction of interleukin‐12 production and suppression of T‐helper type 2 response and immunoglobulin E production

Abstract

Levan is an immunostimulatory moiety in products from the fermentation process of B. subtilis (natto) and may be useful for prevention of allergic disorders with IgE production.

Metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 Prevent Oxidative Stress-Induced Overexpression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in IPEC-J2 Cell Line

“…The mode of action behind the downregulation of elevated proinflammatory cytokine synthe- It was found that levan is one of the potential immunstimulant components released into the supernatant by B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 equipped with levansucrase enzyme [53]. The immunstimulant activity of levan appears to rely on induction of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) signalling partially through induction of IL-12 production [54]. In our study, modulated response of proinflammatory cytokine network was achieved by applying only SCS of B. amyloliquefaciens alone expressed in upregulated IL-8 and TNF-α relative gene expression level in IPEC-J2 cells.…”

Dietary microbial levan enhances cellular non-specific immunity and survival of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles

“…This is in agreement with Chen and Ainsworth [30], where no difference in leucocyte was observed in Channel catfish when injected with b-glucan. Studies carried out by Xu et al [31] have inferred that Toll like receptor 4 is involved in pattern recognition of levan.…”

Recent novel applications of levansucrases

“…It is an ideal soluble dietary fiber (Peshev and Van den Ende 2014) which is nondigestible and presents favorable prebiotic properties ). In addition, it exhibits antiobesity (Oh et al 2014), antioxidant (Dahech et al 2013), hypocholesterolemic (Yamamoto et al 1999), hypolipidemic , fibrinolytic (Esawy et al 2013), immunostimulatory (Xu et al 2006), and antitumor effects . Furthermore, levan is also a potential substitute for gum arabic due to its low viscosity and high water solubility (Han 1990).…”