Levamisole enhances immunity in ducklings vaccinated against Riemerella anatipestifer

Abstract

Oil-adjuvant-inactivated vaccine is one of the most cost-effective vaccines used to protect ducklings against RA infection; however, it does not provide complete protection in very young ducklings with immature immune systems. In the current study, LMS was used as an immunopotentiator to improve the immune system in ducklings. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers and the secretions of both Th1-type (IFN-g and IL-2) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were higher in ducklings that had been vaccinated with LMS. In addition, a significantly higher T-lymphocyte proliferation rate was obtained with the addition of LMS. Furthermore, all of the ducklings vaccinated with LMS were protected against RA on the 9th day post-vaccination, whereas only 69.2% of the ducklings were protected in the group that did not receive LMS. These results suggest that LMS might be a useful adjuvant to enhance the immune response of ducklings. The use of LMS may also alleviate local injection lesions, caused by the oil-emulsion vaccine, by reducing the dose of the vaccine.

Isolation and polymerase chain reaction-based identification of Riemerella anatipestifer from ducks in Kerala, India

“…Consequently, chemotherapy is very important aspect in the treatment of ducks infected with R. anatipestifer [11]. A study conducted [12], showed levamisole to be a useful adjuvant in inactivated Riemerella vaccine and that it could enhance the immune response of ducklings and also alleviate local injection lesions by reducing the dose of the vaccine. A trivalent inactivated vaccine of R. anatipestifer, including serotype 1, 2, and 10 showed 100% protection in experimental animals from challenge with any of the three serotypes [13].…”

Riemerella anatipestifer lacks luxS, but can uptake exogenous autoinducer-2 to regulate biofilm formation

“…RA infections cause major economic losses to the duck industry because of high mortality rates, low feed conversion and high treatment costs. In particular, the mortality rate has been reported to be as high as 70% in ducks with severe RA infections [1]. Currently, studies of RA have focused mainly on bacterial serotypes, virulence genes, detection methods and vaccine development [2e5].…”

Biotyping and antibiogram of Riemerella anatipestifer from ducks in Kerala

“…In contrast to that, the study conducted by Zhong et al, (2009) showed that the isolates were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline and sensitive to enrofl oxacin, chloramphenicol and neomycin. Gram's reaction -------Motility -------Growth microareobically -------Growth aerobically ----- Zhang et al (2014) stated the usefulness of levamizole as immunostimulant in the administration of adjuvanated vaccine. Zhong et al (2009) suggested that R. anatipestifer drug resistance profi les changed over time.…”