Leukocyte migration into the healthy dentuious mouth A study in children, adolescents and adults

Abstract

The leukocyte migratory rate (OMR) was estimated with serial mouth rinses, in healthy children, adolesceats and adults with tbe following results (S + s.d.): 0.305 ± 0.094. 0.221 ± 0.102, 0.266 ± 0.115. The number of teeth and the number of erupting teeth did not influence the OMR. The OMR values obtained were uniform with small individual variations, representing healthy conditions in the moutb.

Novel rinse assay for the quantification of oral neutrophils and the monitoring of chronic periodontal disease

“…The positive relationship observed is likely because increased probing depths lead to increased ulcerated epithelium through which greater numbers of neutrophils migrate in response to the presence of subgingival bacteria. Earlier studies, which utilized time-consuming serial rinses and counting techniques, found similar correlations (12,18). It has been previously shown that the rate at which oral neutrophils migrate into the oral cavity increases in the presence of inflammation (10) and that oral neutrophil counts positively correlate with both increasing pocket depth and the gingival index (11,12).…”

“…It is important to note that although the control subjects were free from periodontal disease, oral neutrophils were still detected by our oral rinse quantification protocol. This is expected as there is always a bacterial presence in the sulcus, and the constant presence of neutrophils and other mediators of the immune response are important in the maintenance of gingival health (18–20).…”

“…The data obtained from this study demonstrates that it is possible to collect and quantify oral neutrophils using a single, rapid, noninvasive oral rinse assay. Compared with previous investigations, this rinse protocol is a practical, rapid and reproducible means of collecting and quantifying oral neutrophils from a clinical setting (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)18). We tested the reproducibility of this rinse protocol by performing duplicate rinses on subjects and controls on separate days before treatment.…”

A noninvasive oral rinse assay to monitor engraftment, neutrophil tissue delivery and susceptibility to infection following HSCT in pediatric patients

“…The human mouth has a constant bacterial presence that is kept under control in part by a constant influx of neutrophils from surrounding periodontal tissues. 7 The oral rinse assay enables a noninvasive assessment of neutrophil tissue delivery by measuring the level of neutrophils in oral tissues in patients recovering from HSCT. We outline here the insights gleaned from the noninvasive oral rinse assay used to assess neutrophil recovery in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT.…”

Morphological characterization of para‐ and proinflammatory neutrophil phenotypes using transmission electron microscopy

“…Chronic periodontitis is characterized by increased neutrophil recruitment, gingival inflammation and progressive, irreversible loss of periodontal attachment . In periodontal health, however, neutrophils are constantly being recruited to the oral cavity, without inducing clinically evident inflammation or tissue destruction . Thus, it seems that while the blood neutrophils are naïve, becoming primed or activated only during certain disease states, oral neutrophils in health, which have undergone extravasation and exposure to the oral biofilm are partially activated, and do not cause any overt clinical signs of inflammation.…”