Novel rinse assay for the quantification of oral neutrophils and the monitoring of chronic periodontal disease

Abstract

Oral neutrophil levels, as determined by a rapid oral rinse, reflect the severity of periodontal disease and treatment response. A single, rapid, oral rinse assay is an effective means of collecting and quantifying oral neutrophil levels and may serve as an excellent research tool for further study of the role of neutrophils in periodontal diseases.

Salivary antimicrobial peptides (LL-37 and alpha-defensins HNP1–3), antimicrobial and IgA responses to prolonged exercise

“…It seems reasonable, therefore, to assume similar responses would have occurred in the present study. Neutrophils continually migrate into the saliva/oral fluids from the blood, predominantly via gingival crevices (Bender et al 2006;Lukac et al 2003) so an increase in neutrophil numbers in saliva is likely to occur when blood neutrophils counts are increased to such an extent although further study is required to confirm this. Furthermore, exercise has also been shown to induce neutrophil priming and activation (Pyne 1994;Smith and Pyne 1997), which could result in increased secretion, into saliva, of HNP1-3 and LL-37 from local neutrophils.…”

Identification of neutrophil surface marker changes in health and inflammation using high-throughput screening flow cytometry

“…Nevertheless, patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, a neutrophil-mediated inflammatory condition that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth resulting in irreversible tissue destruction, have higher levels of neutrophils in the oral cavity than healthy patients [1,2]. The abundance of oral neutrophils in both health and disease provides a non-invasive means of harvesting transmigrated neutrophils through oral rinses.…”

Salivary Neutrophils Level as an Indicator of Bone Marrow Engraftment

“…The samples were observed on a light microscope and neutrophils were counted in 16 large squares of a Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber at a magnification of 50x. Over weekends and bank holidays the material was preserved in 2 ml 39% formaldehyde, stored at 4°C and processed the first day following the weekend or bank holidays to ensure the continuity of evaluation 2 . Salivary samples were examined every day until successful neutrophil engraftment was confirmed.…”