Leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from normal and Maedi–Visna‐infected sheep

Katsoulos, Panagiotis D.; Christodoulopoulos, G.; Kontopidis, Georgios; Minas, Anastasios; Tzivara, A.; Kritas, S. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00129.x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…In the experiments conducted on mouse models which resulted in a study of various types of cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils), it was shown that in normal conditions, the number of macrophages relatively exceeds that of the other types of cells [2]. Coinciding experiments were conducted on other farm animals (sheep, cattle, goats, rabbits, pigs), and similar results were obtained [3,4,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Comparative Analysis of Alveolar Macrophages in Main Farm Animals

Hakobyan¹

2021

IJOPRS

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The cell count in broncoalveolar lavage (BAL) is one of important methods in studies of lung immune mechanisms and diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. In this study, BAL samples were taken from the lungs of cows, pigs, rabbits, goats, and sheep. The quantitative analysis of smears of these samples stained by Giemsa methods showed that the main type of cells in BAL are alveolar macrophages (AM). Also, it has been detected the existence of lymphocytes and myeloid cells in BAL. Morphological analysis of alveolar macrophages in smears showed that the highest percentage of activated cells are in BAL of rabbits and the lowest in BAL of cows. Also, there were presented results of measurement of area of cells in BAL smears.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Various diseases cause inflammatory responses in the lungs of domesticated animals. These vary among different species [3][4][5]. BAL is often used in medical practice but is being more or less applied in veterinary and scientific investigations [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Alveolar Macrophages in Main Farm Animals

Hakobyan¹

2021

IJOPRS

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“…Cytological, microbiological, and immunological evaluation of BALF enables the detection of subclinical respiratory disease and the identification of the severity grade, and stage of inflammatory reactions in the respiratory tract [ 18 , 19 ]. BALF has been proven as a valuable sample for investigating tissue resident immune cells in the respiratory tract of several species including mankind [ 17 ], horses [ 20 ], cattle [ 21 , 22 ], sheep [ 23 ], alpaca [ 24 ], pigs [ 25 ], dogs [ 26 , 27 ], and cats [ 28 ]. Also in the dromedary camel, the BAL procedure has been recently used for the collection of samples for cytological analysis [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune cell composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy and respiratory diseased dromedary camels

2022

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Background Respiratory diseases are among the most common and expensive to treat diseases in camels with a great economic impact on camel health, welfare, and production. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been proven as a valuable sample for investigating the leukocyte populations in the respiratory tract of several species. In the present study, fluorescent antibody labeling and flow cytometry were used to study the immune cell composition of BALF in dromedary camels. Animals with clinical respiratory diseases (n = seven) were compared with apparently healthy animals (n = 10). In addition, blood leukocytes from the same animals were stained in parallel with the same antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Camel BALF macrophages, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were identified based on their forward and side scatter properties. The expression pattern of the cell markers CD172a, CD14, CD163, and MHCII molecules on BALF cells indicates a similar phenotype for camel, bovine, and porcine BALF myeloid cells. The comparison between camels with respiratory disease and healthy camels regarding cellular composition in their BALF revealed a higher total cell count, a higher fraction of granulocytes, and a lower fraction of macrophages in diseased than healthy camels. Within the lymphocyte population, the percentages of helper T cells and B cells were also higher in diseased than healthy camels. The elevated expression of the activation marker CD11a on helper T cells of diseased camels is an indication of the expansion of helper T cells population due to infection and exposure to respiratory pathogens. The higher abundance of MHCII molecules on BALF macrophages from diseased camels indicates a polarization toward an inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M1) in respiratory diseased camels. No significant differences were observed in the systemic leukogram between healthy and diseased animals. Conclusions Collectively, the current study represents the first report on flow cytometric analysis of immune cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in dromedary camels.

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