Leucine supplementation during late gestation globally alters placental metabolism and nutrient transport<i>via</i>modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in sows

Cui, Chong; Wu, Caixia; Wang, Jun; Zheng, Xiaoyu; Ma, Ziwei; Zhu, Pengwei; Guan, Wutai; Zhang, Shihai; Chen, Fang

doi:10.1039/d1fo04082k

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…In this study, a Leu:Lys ratio of 2.65 was demonstrated to improve mean piglet birthweight by approximately 4%, and increased expression of amino acid transporters in the sow placenta in all groups provided additional dietary leucine [49]. These results could be attributed to the role of leucine in the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and maternal-fetus nutrient transport [47,50,51] and the improved transportation of amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose across the placenta [40].…”

Section: Increased Provision Of Other Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Improved the transportation of amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose across the placenta, and globally altered placental metabolism to enhance glycolysis and fatty acid oxidization for energy generation [51] 2. 65 Improved growth performance of fetal pigs [49] 2.15, 2.65, and 3.16 Increased expression of amino acid transporters in the sow placenta [49] Val:Lys 0.99 and 1.11…”

Section: Amino Acid Ratio To Lys Effect Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Sow Performance and Potential Positive Effects on Piglet Performance

Gormley,

Jang,

Garavito-Duarte

et al. 2024

Animals

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The objectives of this review are to identify the nutritional challenges faced by modern sows and present potential solutions to mitigate excessive maternal tissue loss and reproductive failure as it relates to recent genetic improvements. Current feeding programs have limitations to support the rapid genetic improvements in reproductive performance for modern sows. Since 2012, both litter size at birth and fetal weight have increased by 2.26 pigs per litter and 0.22 kg per piglet, respectively, thereby increasing the nutrient needs for sows during gestation and lactation. Prediction models generated in this review predict that modern sows would need 31% more lysine during gestation when compared with current feeding programs. Physiological challenges facing modern sows are also addressed in this review. High oxidative stress, pelvic organ prolapse, and lameness can directly affect the sow, whereas these physiological challenges can have negative impacts on colostrum and milk quality. In response, there is growing interest in investigating the functional roles of select bioactive compounds as feed additives to mitigate the severity of these challenges. Selenium sources, catechins, and select plant extracts have been utilized to reduce oxidative stress, calcium chloride and phytase have been used to mitigate pelvic organ prolapse and lameness, algae and yeast derivatives have been used to improve colostrum and milk quality, and fiber sources and probiotics have been commonly utilized to improve sow intestinal health. Collectively, this review demonstrates the unique challenges associated with managing the feeding programs for modern sows and the opportunities for revision of the amino acid requirements as well as the use of select bioactive compounds to improve reproductive performance.

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Section: Increased Provision Of Other Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Amino Acid Ratio To Lys Effect Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Sow Performance and Potential Positive Effects on Piglet Performance

Gormley,

Jang,

Garavito-Duarte

et al. 2024

Animals

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show abstract

“…Higher serum free AA concentrations of sows in AAMs groups on day 110 of gestation suggest increasing AA supply for fetuses. Leu has been shown to alter placental metabolism and promote maternal–fetal nutrient transport via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [ 28 ]. Glu provides a precursor for the synthesis of GSH-PX, which is involved in antioxidant reactions [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Amino Acid Mixtures Supplementation during Late Gestation and Lactation Improved Growth Performance of Piglets through Improving Colostrum Composition and Antioxidant Capacity

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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During late gestation and lactation, oxidative stress in sows can affect their health and reproductive performance. Supplemental amino acid contributes to the antioxidant capacity of pigs. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different combinations of Gln, Leu and γ-GABA (amino acid mixtures, AAMs) during late gestation and lactation on the performance of the sows and their offspring. Fifty large white × landrace sows were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 10), including a control group and four AAMs groups (AAMs1, Gln + Leu; AAMs2 (Gln + GABA; AAMs3, Leu + GABA; AAMs4, Gln + Leu + GABA). AAMs supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity of sows, including significantly enhanced total antioxidant capacity in AAMs2, 3 and 4 groups and reduced malonaldehyde concentration in AAMs1, 3 and 4 groups. Additionally, all AAMs significantly increased lactoprotein, total solid and IgA levels of colostrum in sows during lactation. Average body weight of piglets on day 21 after birth in all AAMs groups were significantly increased. Furthermore, the significantly increased total antioxidant capacity was observed in the piglets of every AAMs group. In conclusion, supplementing AAMs during late gestation and lactation improved the antioxidant capacity of sows and colostrum composition, thereby enhancing antioxidant status and the growth performance of piglets. This study provides the possibility of maternal amino acid mixtures to improve the productivity of the swine industry.

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Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene activates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway to alleviate progressive oxidative stress and promote placental nutrient transport

Cao,

Bai,

Wei

et al. 2024

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Progressive oxidative stress easily occurs as a result of a gradual increase in the intensity of maternal metabolism due to rapid foetal development and increased intensity of lactation. However, studies on the effects of processive oxidative stress on nutrient transport in the placenta have received little attention. The present study was conducted on sows at 85 days of gestation to study the effects of pterostilbene (PTE) on maternal oxidative stress status and placental nutrient transport. Results PTE increased the antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulin content in mothers’ blood and milk, reduced the level of inflammatory factors, and improved the nutrient content of milk. PTE also reduced sow backfat loss and the number of weak sons, and increased piglet weaning weight and total weaning litter weight. We subsequently found that PTE enhanced placental glucose and fatty acid transport and further affected glycolipid metabolism by increasing the expression of LAL, PYGM, and Gbe-1, which activated the PI3K phosphorylation pathway. Moreover, PTE addition altered the relative abundance of the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Parabacillus, and Bacteroidetes-like RF16 groups in sow faeces. PTE increased the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate and isovalerate in the faeces. Conclusions These findings reveal that the addition of PTE during pregnancy and lactation mitigates the effects of processive oxidative stress on offspring development by altering maternal microbial and placental nutrient transport capacity. Graphical Abstract

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Leucine supplementation during late gestation globally alters placental metabolism and nutrient transportviamodulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in sows

Abstract: Our previous study found that sow dietary leucine supplementation during late pregnancy significantly improved newborn piglet birth weight through stimulating protein synthesis of longissimus dorsi muscle. But we still have...

Cited by 5 publications

References 89 publications

Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Sow Performance and Potential Positive Effects on Piglet Performance

Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Sow Performance and Potential Positive Effects on Piglet Performance

Maternal Amino Acid Mixtures Supplementation during Late Gestation and Lactation Improved Growth Performance of Piglets through Improving Colostrum Composition and Antioxidant Capacity

Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene activates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway to alleviate progressive oxidative stress and promote placental nutrient transport

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