Leucine promotes glucose uptake in skeletal muscles of rats

Nishitani, Shinobu; Matsumura, Tsuyoshi; Fujitani, Shoji; Sonaka, Ichiro; Miura, Yutaka; Yagasaki, Kazumi

doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02717-1

Cited by 141 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In adipose tissue, leucine increases insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, increasing glucose uptake [24] . In skeletal muscle, BCAAs promote glucose uptake through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C and subsequent translocation of glucose transporter to the plasma membrane [25] . In addition, BCAAs increase PPAR-γ and subsequent UCP2 in liver and UCP3 in muscle, stimulating oxidation of free fatty acids.…”

Section: Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Branched-chain amino acids in liver diseases

Tajiri¹,

Shimizu²

2018

Transl. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.

100

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Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been shown to affect gene expression, protein metabolism, apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes, and insulin resistance. They have also been shown to inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro , and are essential for lymphocyte proliferation and dendritic cell maturation. In patients with advanced chronic liver disease, BCAA concentrations are low, whereas the concentrations of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine are high, conditions that may be closely associated with hepatic encephalopathy and the prognosis of these patients. Based on these basic observations, patients with advanced chronic liver disease have been treated clinically with BCAA-rich medicines, with positive effects.© 2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.Key words: Liver disease; Branched chain amino acids; Gene expression; Hepatocyte apoptosis; Hepatocyte regeneration; Immunity; Treatment Core tip: Advanced liver diseases are commonly accompanied by nutritional disturbances, which worsen the prognosis of the patients. Serum levels of branchedchain amino acids (BCAAs) are decreased in patients with liver cirrhosis, and the amino acids imbalance could affect the clinical picture of the disease and the prognosis of the patients. However, there are few comprehensive reviews on the biological activities of BCAAs. In this review, we summarize the biological activities of BCAAs, and discuss possible applications of BCAAs for the management of patients with advanced liver diseases with a list of clinical trials of BCAA administration.Tajiri K, Shimizu Y. Branched-chain amino acids in liver diseases. World

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Section: Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Branched-chain amino acids in liver diseases

Tajiri¹,

Shimizu²

2018

Transl. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.

100

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“…However, mechanisms underlying the efficacy of BCAA supplementation on glucose intolerance in patients with liver cirrhosis have not been completely clarified. Nishitani et al reported that BCAAs improve glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscle in an in vitro rat model of liver cirrhosis, presumably by its ability to promote translocation of glucose transporter proteins to the plasma membrane in the absence of additional insulin release (19,20). The present patient with NASHrelated cirrhosis complicated with diabetes received BCAA supplementation for more than 1 year, demonstrating improved glucose tolerance but no change in liver function or markers of fibrosis.…”

Section: Hba1cmentioning

confidence: 60%

Long-term Branched-chain Amino Acid Supplementation Improves Glucose Tolerance in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-related Cirrhosis

et al. 2012

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Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplements have mainly been administered as a nutritional intervention for decompensated liver cirrhosis. Several studies have shown that short-term BCAA supplementation improves insulin and glucose tolerance in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the long-term effects of BCAA supplementation on glucose tolerance and in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related liver cirrhosis are unknown. Herein, we report 2 cases of NASH-related liver cirrhosis in which longterm BCAA supplementation improved glycemic control. We conclude that in the absence of an effective conventional therapy for NASH-related liver cirrhosis, BCAA supplementation should be considered as an alternative treatment.

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“…The possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are believed to be due to a promotion of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via the activation of insulin-dependent andindependent pathways by exercise (Rose & Richter, 2005;Sakamoto & Holman, 2008). Some kinds of amino acids, such as leucine and isoleucine, also have the ability to stimulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and muscle cells by an insulin-independent mechanism (Doi et al, 2003;Nishitani et al, 2002). Moreover, Morifuji et al reported that that post-exercise co-ingestion of carbohydrate and amino acids significantly promotes the recovery of skeletal muscle glycogen levels than glucose alone probably through both insulin-dependent andindependent mechanisms (Morifuji et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented Grain Beverage Supplementation Following Exercise Promotes Glycogen Supercompensation in Rodent Skeletal Muscle and Liver

Shibaguchi

Ishizawa

Tsuji

et al. 2017

IJOST

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of post-endurance exercise fermented grain beverage (FGB) supplementation on glycogen reaccumulation in rat skeletal muscle and liver. Twelve-hour fasted male Wistar rats, 10-week-old, performed five 30-min bouts of swimming separated by 5-min rest periods in order to deplete tissue glycogen storage. The rats were orally administrated either water, glucose, or FGB in 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the exercise. Immediately and/or 240 min after the exercise, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and liver were removed and analyzed. A large glycogen reaccumulation was observed in skeletal muscles and liver at 240 min after the exercise when either glucose or FGB were ingested. This response tended to be greater in FGB-treated than in glucose-treated animals, particularly in liver and gastrocnemius muscle. These results suggest that post-endurance exercise FGB supplementation enhances glycogen restoration in both skeletal muscle and liver.

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Leucine promotes glucose uptake in skeletal muscles of rats

Cited by 141 publications

References 15 publications

Branched-chain amino acids in liver diseases

Branched-chain amino acids in liver diseases

Long-term Branched-chain Amino Acid Supplementation Improves Glucose Tolerance in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-related Cirrhosis

Fermented Grain Beverage Supplementation Following Exercise Promotes Glycogen Supercompensation in Rodent Skeletal Muscle and Liver

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