Leucine alone or in combination with glutamic acid, but not with arginine, increases biceps femoris muscle and alters muscle AA transport and concentrations in fattening pigs

Hu, Chengjun; Li, Fengna; Duan, Yehui; Kong, Xiangfeng; Yan, Yu; Deng, Jinping; Tan, Chunqing; Wu, Guoyao; Yin, Yulong

doi:10.1111/jpn.13053

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In a rodent atrophy model induced with total gastrectomy, the administration of BCAA combined with glutamine prevented muscle mass reduction [43]. In addition, administration of leucine alone or in combination with glutamic acid is beneficial for muscle growth during the fattening of pigs [44]. Dietary supplementation, with both arginine and glutamic acid, decreases the mRNA levels of genes involved in protein degradation in the skeletal muscle of pigs [45].…”

Section: Amino Acids In the Regulation Of Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Function by Amino Acids

et al. 2020

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Amino acids are components of proteins that also exist free-form in the body; their functions can be divided into (1) nutritional, (2) sensory, and (3) biological regulatory roles. The skeletal muscle, which is the largest organ in the human body, representing ~40% of the total body weight, plays important roles in exercise, energy expenditure, and glucose/amino acid usage—processes that are modulated by various amino acids and their metabolites. In this review, we address the metabolism and function of amino acids in the skeletal muscle. The expression of PGC1α, a transcriptional coactivator, is increased in the skeletal muscle during exercise. PGC1α activates branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and is used for energy in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Leucine, a BCAA, and its metabolite, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), both activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and increase protein synthesis, but the mechanisms of activation appear to be different. The metabolite of valine (another BCAA), β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), is increased by exercise, is secreted by the skeletal muscle, and acts on other tissues, such as white adipose tissue, to increase energy expenditure. In addition, several amino acid-related molecules reportedly activate skeletal muscle function. Oral 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) supplementation can protect against mild hyperglycemia and help prevent type 2 diabetes. β-alanine levels are decreased in the skeletal muscles of aged mice. β-alanine supplementation increased the physical performance and improved the executive function induced by endurance exercise in middle-aged individuals. Further studies focusing on the effects of amino acids and their metabolites on skeletal muscle function will provide data essential for the production of food supplements for older adults, athletes, and individuals with metabolic diseases.

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Section: Amino Acids In the Regulation Of Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Function by Amino Acids

et al. 2020

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“…In contrast, reduced body fat mass has been shown to be associated with increased cecal propionate, although no difference was observed in energy intake (Liou et al, 2013). We found that dietary supplementation with Leu alone or in combination with Arg reduced body fat weight and increased butyrate and propionate concentrations in the colon; however, in our previous study, feed intake was not affected by these amino acids (Hu et al, 2019). The discrepancy between the present study and our previous study might be explained by the fact that pigs consume more feed than mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Dietary Supplementation With Leucine or in Combination With Arginine Decreases Body Fat Weight and Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Finishing Pigs

Duan

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Obesity was associated with change in gut microbiota composition and their metabolites. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with leucine (Leu) in combination with arginine (Arg) or glutamic acid (Glu) on body fat weight, composition of gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration in the colon. Forty-eight Duroc × Large White × Landrace pigs with an initial body weight of 77.08 ± 1.29 kg were randomly assigned to one of the four groups (12 pigs per group). The pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 2.05% alanine (isonitrogenous control, BD group), and those in the three experimental groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.00% Leu + 1.37% alanine (Leu group), 1.00% Leu + 1.00% Arg (Leu_Arg group), or 1.00% Leu + 1.00% Glu (Leu_Glu group). We found that dietary supplementation with Leu alone or in combination with Arg decreased ( p < 0.05) body fat weight, and increased ( p < 0.05) colonic propionate and butyrate concentrations compared to the BD group. The mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipolysis increased ( p < 0.05) in the Leu or Leu_Arg group compared to the BD group. Negative relationships ( p < 0.05) were observed between body fat weight, colonic propionate, and butyrate concentrations. Compared to the BD group, the abundance of Actinobacteria was higher ( p < 0.05) in the Leu group, and that of Clostridium_sensu_stricto _1, Terrisporobacter , and Escherichia-Shigella were higher in the Leu_Arg group. The abundance of Deinococcus-Thermus was negatively correlated ( p < 0.05) with body fat weight, and was positively correlated ( p < 0.05) with butyrate, isovalerate, propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations, and that of Cyanobacteria was positively correlated ( p < 0.05) with butyrate, propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations. In conclusion, these findings suggest that decreased body fat weight in pigs can be induced by Leu supplementation alone or in combination with Arg and is associated with increased colonic butyrate and propionate concentrations. This provides new insights for potential therapy for obesity.

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“…In low birth weight piglets, T1 group was also higher in the Glu and total amino acid concentrations in LD muscle. In our previous report, 22 muscle Lys and Glu concentrations were shown to be positively associated with muscle growth. Sales et al 29 mentioned that reduced skeletal muscle weight is associated with reduced concentration of specific free amino acid in muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The effects of the two nutritional strategies on muscle growth were investigated by measuring the mRNA expression levels of muscle growth‐related genes, including MSTN , MyoG and MEF2 , with MyoG and MEF2 being widely used as an indicator for muscle development 22 . In the present study, T1 group showed an increase in mRNA expression levels of MEF2 and MyoG in the muscles of both low and normal birth weight piglets, implying maternal T1 feeding strategy can increase the muscle development of piglets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different maternal feeding strategies from day 1 to day 85 of gestation on glucose tolerance and muscle development in both low and normal birth weight piglets

Peng

Yang

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: Maternal nutrition during gestation plays a vital role in fetal development. The effects of different maternal feeding strategies from day 1 to day 85 of gestation on glucose tolerance and muscle development in low and normal birth weight offspring were investigated by using 80 gilts randomly allotted to T1 and T2 groups and treated respectively with a gradual-increase (T1) and a convex transition (T2) feeding strategy, with no difference in total feed intake. RESULTS: T2 group was seen to have a higher percentage of piglets with birth weight less than 500 g, while T1 group was shown to have a higher percentage of piglets with birth weight over 700 g. Meanwhile, for both low and normal birth weight piglets, T1 group was higher than T2 group in terms of muscle free amino acid concentration, mRNA expression levels of muscle growthrelated factors, relative muscle fiber number and cross-sectional area. We must emphasize that the T2 group was shown to improve glucose tolerance, slow-twitch muscle fiber protein levels, and muscle mitochondrial function only in low birth weight piglets. CONCLUSION: The convex transition feeding strategy can decrease the percentage of piglets with birth weight over 700 g, while improving glucose tolerance, slow-twitch muscle fiber protein levels, and muscle mitochondrial function in low birth weight piglets. Our findings provide new evidence for the potential importance of nutritional strategies during gestation, especially for improving the glucose tolerance and muscle development of low birth weight neonatal.

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Leucine alone or in combination with glutamic acid, but not with arginine, increases biceps femoris muscle and alters muscle AA transport and concentrations in fattening pigs

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Function by Amino Acids

Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Function by Amino Acids

Dietary Supplementation With Leucine or in Combination With Arginine Decreases Body Fat Weight and Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Finishing Pigs

Effects of different maternal feeding strategies from day 1 to day 85 of gestation on glucose tolerance and muscle development in both low and normal birth weight piglets

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