Letting the (energy) Gini out of the bottle: Lorenz curves of cumulative electricity consumption and Gini coefficients as metrics of energy distribution and equity

Empirical analysis of income inequalities and welfare among farmers in South Eastern Nigeria

“…The Gini-coefficient has been used in the past to measure the level of inequalities in many other contexts besides income, including wealth, education, energy consumption, etc (Jacobson et al, 2007). However, this study was based on income inequalities.…”

Understanding Energy Poverty, Vulnerability and Justice

“…Snell, Bevan, and Thomson (2015) demonstrate that energy poverty disproportionately impacts disabled people in England, and suggest that this form of distributive injustice is driven by the misrecognition of disabled groups. Other studies have revealed how subsidies for low-carbon technologies that are funded through levies on household electricity bills take up a greater proportion of income from the poor compared to those on high incomes (Boardman, 2010;Oppenheim, 2016;Preston, White, Thumim, & Bridgeman, 2013;Stockton & Campbell, 2011), despite low-income groups generally having relatively minor carbon footprints (Jacobson, Milman, & Kammen, 2005) and often benefiting less from decarbonization-related interventions (Oppenheim, 2016;Walker, 2008). Similar claims have been made about the costs of building new nuclear capacity (Garman & Aldridge, 2015).…”

Energy Consumption Inequality and Human Development

“…They proposed that changes in the distribution of energy among countries provides another measure of trends in world's inequality and reported a decline in energy consumption inequality over time. In the analysis of the distribution of residential energy consumption in Norway, USA, El Salvador, Thailand and Kenya, Jacobson et al (2005) found dramatic differences between energy use of developed and developing nations with Kenya, El Salvador and Thailand having the highest inequality in energy consumption respectively. These differences can be explained by the differences in a nation's wealth, income distribution and government infrastructure as well as climatic conditions, energy efficiency measures and size and geographic distribution of the rural population.…”

“…Following Jacobson et al (2005), the distribution of and access to energy resources may result in significant social, environmental and economic inequalities. To date, inequality in energy consumption across countries has received very limited analytical attention.…”