Peliosis is a comparetively rare pathological entity characterized by the gross appearance of multiple cyst-like, blood-filled cavities within parenchymatous organs. Peliosis has been related to several underlying debilitating illnesses, such as tuberculosis, hematological malignancies, AIDS, and posttransplant immunodeficiency, as well as intravenous drug abuse, chronic alcoholism, and in conjunction with intake of oral contraceptives or the abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids. The classical pathoanatomical concept is based on the opinion that peliosis exclusively develops in organs belonging to