Letramento Em Saúde E Fatores Associados Em Adultos Usuários Da Atenção Primária

Abstract

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar o letramento em saúde e associação com fatores sociodemográficos, autopercepção da saúde e qualidade de vida em adultos. Tratou-se de estudo transversal com adultos entre 20 e 59 anos, usuários da atenção primária à saúde, realizado em unidades básicas de saúde, de fevereiro a maio de 2015 -amostra probabilística. O letramento em saúde foi avaliado pelo Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-Speaking Adults. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva, análise bivariada (p ≤ 0,20) e regressão logística múltipla (p ≤ 0,05). O letramento em saúde inadequado foi frequente e inicialmente associado a sexo, escolaridade, última série cursada com aprovação, estudo formal mínimo, Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil, plano de saúde, arranjo familiar, importância atribuída à saúde, nota atribuída à própria saúde, frequência de comparecimento à unidade básica de saúde e aos domínios relações sociais e ambiental do teste World Health Organization Quality of Life. No modelo final da regressão logística, somente a escolaridade permaneceu associada ao letramento em saúde, e indivíduos com menor escolaridade tiveram mais chance de ter letramento em saúde inadequado. Os achados sugerem a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estratégias de educação em saúde para os adultos usuários da atenção primária. Palavras-chave alfabetização em saúde; condições sociais; educação em saúde; saúde do adulto; sistema único de saúde. AbstractThe aim was to investigate health literacy and association with social and demographic factors, self-perception of health and quality of life in adults. This is a cross-sectional study with adults between 20 and 59 years, users of primary health care, conducted in the basic health units, from February to May of 2015 -probability sample. Health literacy was evaluated by means of Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults. Descriptive statistical analysis, bivariate analysis (p ≤ 0.20) and multiple logistic regression (p ≤ 0.05) were performed. Inadequate health literacy was recurrent and initially associated with sex, schooling, last grade concluded with approval, minimum formal study, Brasil Economic Classification Criterion, health insurance, family arrangement, importance attributed to health, grade attributed to own health, attendance to the basic health unit and two domains of the test World Health Organization Quality of Life (social relations and environmental). In the final model of logistic regression, only schooling remained associated with health literacy, in a way that individuals with less schooling had more chance of having inadequate health literacy. The findings suggest the need to develop health education strategies for adult users of primary care.

Letramento funcional em saúde em adultos e idosos com disfagia

“…As in this study, other studies (12)(13)(14)(16)(17)(18) that investigated FHL had a prevalence of females in their samples. Data from the last IBGE-2010 census showed a higher proportion of women than men.…”

“…When searching the literature for studies that investigated FHL in different life cycles, in a study carried out with elderly people in the Southern Region of Brazil, using the S-TOFHLA, there was an inadequate result in more than a third of the sample and, the FHL may decrease with advancing age (16) . When considering adults, the inadequate FHL observed in most of the sample was also found in studies carried out in primary health care in the Southeast Region, using the same instrument, and in the North Region, through the S-TOFHLA (17,18) . There was no association between the age variable and the FHL in this study and a possible justification was the reduced number of participants.…”

“…In a survey conducted with adult patients of primary care in the Southeast of Brazil, the results showed that school level remained associated with FHL. We found that adults with primary and secondary education were more likely to have inadequate FHL than those with higher education (17) . Although there was an association between education and the FHL, authors pointed out that this is not the only condition that influences or guarantees the level of skill in the FHL and that other dimensions of the phenomenon must be considered, such as access to the health network and the quality of communication between health professionals and patients (14,26) .…”

Functional health literacy in hypertensive elders at primary health care

“…However, the cross-sectional study is widely used in the literature for association studies, including functional health literacy studies (13,(42)(43) .Second, the functional health literacy measurement tool used in this study, although validated for use in the Brazilian population, does not include tasks involving numerical, interactive and critical skills that are very important for functional health literacy. However, this limitation is present in other studies in this area of functional health literacy (42,44) . Therefore, the aforementioned limitations do not invalidate the results found in this study, especially related to the importance of the topic addressed, reinforcing the need to value functional health literacy in hypertensive elderly people assisted at PHC.…”

The perspective of deaf patients on health care

“…Another suggestion mentioned in this study to improve the health care for deaf people refers to health education aimed at the deaf population. It is thus verified that health literacy is necessary and should be discussed regarding the community of deaf people as well 25 . Explaining about the functional systems of the human body and the health habits promotes knowledge, clarifications, and practical opportunities regarding the information received in the interaction with health professionals.…”