Lethal Effects of High Temperatures on the Immature Stages of Anopheles Quadrimaculatus

Love, G. J.; Whelchel, J. G.

doi:10.2307/1943121

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The number of mosquitoes in a population depends on the number of adults entering and leaving the population [3-5], both of which are affected significantly by environmental temperature. Low temperatures tend to limit aquatic stage development and adult activity of some Anopheles species, while extremely high temperatures lead to substantial mortality [6-8]. In the intermediate temperature range, development rate, feeding rate and adult survival increase with temperature, as is true of most ectotherms [9], often leading, in the case of vector-borne disease, to an increase in disease prevalence [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable and fluctuating temperature effects on the development rate and survival of two malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus

2013

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BackgroundUnderstanding the biology of malaria vector mosquitoes is crucial to understanding many aspects of the disease, including control and future outcomes. The development rates and survival of two Afrotropical malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus, are investigated here under conditions of constant and fluctuating temperatures. These data can provide a good starting point for modelling population level consequences of temperature change associated with climate change. For comparative purposes, these data were considered explicitly in the context of those available for the third African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae.MethodsTwenty five replicates of 20–30 eggs were placed at nine constant and two fluctuating temperatures for development rate experiments and survival estimates. Various developmental parameters were estimated from the data, using standard approaches.ResultsLower development threshold (LDT) for both species was estimated at 13-14°C. Anopheles arabiensis developed consistently faster than An. funestus. Optimum temperature (Topt) and development rate at this temperature (μmax) differed significantly between species for overall development and larval development. However, Topt and μmax for pupal development did not differ significantly between species. Development rate and survival of An. funestus was negatively influenced by fluctuating temperatures. By contrast, development rate of An. arabiensis at fluctuating temperatures either did not differ from constant temperatures or was significantly faster. Survival of this species declined by c. 10% at the 15°C to 35°C fluctuating temperature regime, but was not significantly different between the constant 25°C and the fluctuating 20°C to 30°C treatment. By comparison, previous data for An. gambiae indicated fastest development at a constant temperature of 28°C and highest survival at 24°C.ConclusionsThe three most important African malaria vectors all differ significantly in development rates and survival under different temperature treatments, in keeping with known distribution data, though differences among M and S molecular forms of An. gambiae likely complicate the picture. Increasing temperatures associated with climate change favour all three species, but fluctuations in temperatures are detrimental to An. funestus and may also be for An. gambiae. This may have significant implications for disease burden in areas where each species is the main malaria vector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable and fluctuating temperature effects on the development rate and survival of two malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus

2013

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“…stephensi X X X X X X P. falciparum (Eling et al, 2001;Miazgowicz et al, 2020;Murdock et al, 2016;Paaijmans et al, 2013a,b;Shapiro et al, 2017;Thomas et al, 2018) P. vivax (Thomas et al, 2018) P. malariae (Knowles et al, 1943) P. yoelii (Paaijmans et al, , 2013a) An. quadrimaculatus X P. vivax (Boyd et al, 1932;Love and Whelchel, 1957;Stratman-Thomas, 1940) P. malariae (Boyd and Stratman-Thomas, 1933) An. culicifacies P. malariae (Siddons et al, 1944) An.…”

Section: Thermal Trait Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature impacts the transmission of malaria parasites byAnopheles gambiaeandAnopheles stephensimosquitoes

Villena

Ryan

Murdock

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Transmission of malaria and other vector-borne diseases (VBDs) is greatly influenced by environmental factors, especially temperature, due to the ectothermic nature of insect and arthropod vectors. However, the response of transmission to temperature and other drivers is complex, as thermal traits of ectotherms are typically non-linear, and they interact to determine transmission constraints. In this study, we assess and compare the effect of temperature on the transmission of two malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, by two malaria vector species, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi. We model the non-linear responses of temperature dependent mosquito and parasite traits (mosquito development rate, bite rate, fecundity, egg to adult survival, vector competence, mortality rate, and parasite development rate) and incorporate these traits into a suitability metric based on a model for the basic reproductive number across temperatures. Our model predicts that the optimum temperature for transmission suitability is similar for the four mosquito-parasite combinations assessed in this study. The main differences are found at the thermal limits. More specifically, we found significant differences in the upper thermal limit between parasites spread by the same mosquito (An. stephensi) and between mosquitoes carrying P. falciparum. In contrast, at the lower thermal limit the significant differences were primarily between the mosquito species that both carried the same pathogen (e.g., An. stephensi and An. gambiae both with P. falciparum). Using prevalence data from Africa and Asia, we show that the transmission suitability metric S(T) calculated from our mechanistic model is an important predictor of malaria prevalence. We mapped risk to illustrate the areas in Africa and Asia that are suitable for malaria transmission year-round based temperature. The wider thermal range of transmission by An. stephensi for both malaria parasites allows for a greater geographic potential for malaria spread. This study could be useful in planing preventive strategies for areas where malaria outbreaks might occur.

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“…The subsequent precipitous drop in numbers of adult mosquitoes is attributable to the mortality of both larval and adult Anopheles caused by high air and water temperatures (Love and Whelchel 1957). Occurrence of air temperatures above 95° F was invariably accompanied by depression in numbers of adult A. quadrimaculatus.…”

Section: Influence Of Climatic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Variations in Populations of Anopheles Quadrimaculatus in Southwestern Georgia

Goodwin¹,

Love²

1957

Ecology

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Lethal Effects of High Temperatures on the Immature Stages of Anopheles Quadrimaculatus

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Stable and fluctuating temperature effects on the development rate and survival of two malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus

Stable and fluctuating temperature effects on the development rate and survival of two malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus

Temperature impacts the transmission of malaria parasites byAnopheles gambiaeandAnopheles stephensimosquitoes

Factors Influencing Variations in Populations of Anopheles Quadrimaculatus in Southwestern Georgia

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