Lethal and sub-lethal responses of native freshwater mussels exposed to granular Bayluscide®, a sea lamprey larvicide

Acute Toxicity of the Lampricide 4‐Nitro‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenol to the Mussel (Obovaria subrotunda), Its Host (Percina maculata), and a Surrogate Mussel Species (Obovaria olivaria)

“…Given the potential for mussels to bioturbate sediments by burrowing (McCall et al, 1979), it was not unexpected that granular Bayluscide was moderately toxic to mussels (Newton et al, 2017). For example, 8‐h survival of adult O. olivaria and O. subrotunda to granular Bayluscide was 77% and 56%, respectively (Newton et al, 2017).…”

“…However, in larger streams, dilution renders TFM applications ineffective; thus, these streams are often treated with a bottom-release formulation of granular Bayluscide™ (Sullivan et al, 2021). Given the potential for mussels to bioturbate sediments by burrowing (McCall et al, 1979), it was not unexpected that granular Bayluscide was moderately toxic to mussels (Newton et al, 2017). For example, 8-h survival of adult O. olivaria and O. subrotunda to granular Bayluscide was 77% and 56%, respectively (Newton et al, 2017).…”

Potential changes to the biology and challenges to the management of invasive sea lampreyPetromyzon marinusin the Laurentian Great Lakes due to climate change

“…Compared to larval lamprey (both sea lamprey and native lampreys), most non‐target fishes are exposed to less toxic concentrations of TFM due to their greater capacity to detoxify the compound and larger individuals may have the mobility necessary to avoid prolonged exposure (Bussy et al, ,b; Kane, Kahng, Reimschuessel, Nhamburo, & Lipsky, ; Lech & Statham, ). In some cases, non‐target organisms, especially relatively sessile organisms such as bivalve mollusks, could lack the mobility to seek out refuge when exposed to lampricide (Newton et al, ). This was recently shown in larval sea lamprey, in which the rates of lampricide uptake, measured by radiolabeled TFM ( 14 C‐TFM), increased by more than twofold as water temperatures were increased from 6 to 22°C (Hlina et al, ).…”

“…Small animals with faster metabolic rates are more sensitive to toxicants due to accelerated rates of uptake. Younger life stages are generally also more sensitive (Boogaard et al, ; Newton, Boogaard, Gray, Hubert, & Schloesser, ). Compared to larval lamprey (both sea lamprey and native lampreys), most non‐target fishes are exposed to less toxic concentrations of TFM due to their greater capacity to detoxify the compound and larger individuals may have the mobility necessary to avoid prolonged exposure (Bussy et al, ,b; Kane, Kahng, Reimschuessel, Nhamburo, & Lipsky, ; Lech & Statham, ).…”

Use of physiological knowledge to control the invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes

“…Even though much has been learned about the mode of action of lampricides, particularly TFM, elucidation of exactly how TFM and niclosamide disrupt oxidative phosphorylation could provide further information to enhance current lampricide treatments and insights into the identification and development of more effective and selective lampricides. Although the effects of lampricides on stream macro-invertebrates has been studied ( Gilderhus et al, 1975 ; Maki et al, 1975 ; Gilderhus and Johnson, 1980 ; Waller et al, 2003 ; Weisser et al, 2003 ; Boogaard and Rivera, 2011 ; Boogaard et al, 2015 ; Newton et al, 2017 ), research addressing the non-target effects of lampricides has mostly focused on fishes ( Dahl and McDonald, 1980 ; Boogaard et al, 2003 ). A more complete understanding of lampricide effects on a suite of aquatic organisms would provide insights on how to be more effective at targeting sea lamprey while minimizing impacts to non-target organisms through the revision of protocols or the development of new lampricides.…”