Let’s get real about the ‘riots’: Exploring the relationship between deprivation and the English summer disturbances of 2011

Lightowlers, Carly

doi:10.1177/0261018314545597

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Most of Newburn et al's (2018) interviewees reported police discrimination, often based on racism, and many felt alienated from authority more broadly. Deprivation was also a predictor of participation (Kawalerowicz & Biggs, 2015;Lightowlers, 2015).…”

Section: Patterns Of Collective Behaviour In the 2011 English Riotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of Newburn et al's () interviewees reported police discrimination, often based on racism, and many felt alienated from authority more broadly. Deprivation was also a predictor of participation (Kawalerowicz & Biggs, ; Lightowlers, ). Moreover, targets of looting and property damage often reflected anti‐corporate attitudes (Ball & Drury, ) or desire to control familiar space (Tiratelli, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots

Drury

Stott

Ball

et al. 2020

Euro J Social Psych

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Previous research has shown that riots spread across multiple locations, but has not explained underlying psychological processes. We examined rioting in three locations during the August 2011 disorders in England to test a social identity model of riot diffusion. We triangulated multiple sources to construct a narrative of events; and we analysed interviews with 68 participants to examine experiences. In line with the model, we found evidence for two pathways of influence: “cognitive” and “strategic”. For some participants, previous rioting was highly self‐relevant, and shared identity was the basis of their subsequent involvement. For others, previous rioting was empowering because it demonstrated the vulnerability of a common enemy (the police). In each location, interaction dynamics mediated the link between initial perceptions and collective action. The utility of this social identity approach is that it is able to account for both the boundaries and the sequence of urban riot diffusion.

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Section: Patterns Of Collective Behaviour In the 2011 English Riotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots

Drury

Stott

Ball

et al. 2020

Euro J Social Psych

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“…Seven studies identi ed ACEs as signi cant risk factors for weapon-related crime, which strongly supports the relationship between early childhood trauma and violence. It can be argued that trauma and an unstable family life create an environment which is likely to manifest aggression and poor mental health, increasing the risk of violent behaviour (34) . This coincides with previous knowledge regarding the long-term effects of traumatic childhood on health within adulthood, including economic deprivation, anxiety, and aggression (36)(37) .…”

Section: Adverse Childhood Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.

Haylock

Boshari

Alexander

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model. Results No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK. Systematic Review Registration Number: CRD42019138545Registered at PROSPSERO: 16/08/2019

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“…Research on riots indicates several factors that help understand why rioting is more likely to attract persons living in poorer and marginalized residential areas (Lightowlers 2015;Kawalerowicz and Biggs 2015). Case studies stress contextual factors, such as intergroup relations and frequency of inter-group violence (Sen 2008, 10), competition over scarce resources, such as housing and employment (Olzak, Shanahan, and McEneaney 1996), and the consequences of "resignation" (Abbink, Masclet, and Mirza 2011, 19).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marginalization and Riots: A Rationalistic Explanation of Urban Unrest

Holdo

Bengtsson

2019

Housing, Theory and Society

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Urban riots are typically carried out by individuals who live in residential areas that are relatively marginalized socially, economically and politically. Previous research has discussed several aspects of deprivation that may help explain this relationship. Contributing further to this research, we aim to explain why marginalization produces riots by developing a rationalistic specification of social mechanisms. The utility of our model is demonstrated by a case study of the 2013 Stockholm riots. The model consists of (a) general local incentives that appeal to individual motives, but only lead to participation in riots when (b) the delicate local equilibrium is destabilized by an event that (c) makes riots appear justified, riskfree and thrilling. The advantage of this rationalistic model is that it shows why other people, in other places, would have reason to act in much the same way under similar circumstances. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Let’s get real about the ‘riots’: Exploring the relationship between deprivation and the English summer disturbances of 2011

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots

A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots

Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.

Marginalization and Riots: A Rationalistic Explanation of Urban Unrest

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