“…Factors hindering doctoral program success include the inability to be self-directed (Ponton, 2014), lack of a sense of community between students (Rovai, 2014) and between students and faculty (Terosky & Heasley, 2015), poor mentorship and feedback (Terrell, Snyder, & Dringus, 2012), low feelings of student-to-student and student-to-faculty connectedness (Terrell et al, 2009), isolation from peers (Ali & Kohun, 2006;Delamont, Atkinson, & Parry, 1997;Lewis, Ginsberg, Davies, & Smith, 2004), students feeling like they do not fit into the department-level structure and culture (Golde, 2005), students feeling financially stressed (Wao & Onwuegbuzie, 2011;Earl-Novell, 2006;Lovitts, 2001), and low levels of support from friends and family (Volkert et al, 2018;Cohen, 2011). Similarly, factors fostering doctoral student success include a sense of belonging (Barnett, 2014), participation in a community of practice with doctoral peers (Ivankova & Stick, 2005;Terrell et al, 2012;Tweedie, Clark, Johnson, & Kay, 2013), consistent, timely, and substantive feedback from the dissertation chair (Rademaker, Duffy, Wetzler, & Zaikina-Montgomery, 2016;Rockinson-Szapkiw, et al, 2016;Davis, Wladkowski, & Mirick, 2017), students having expectations about the program, coursework, and policies that match those of the program (Hoskins & Goldberg, 2005), support services (Rockinson-Szapkiw, et al, 2016), and family support (Pauley, Cunningham, & Toth 1999;Rockinson-Szapkiw et al, 2016;E. G. Smith & Delmor, 2007;Volkert et al, 2018).…”