Lessons from Mouse Models of Thyroid Cancer

Kim, Caroline S.; Zhu, Xuguang

doi:10.1089/thy.2009.1609

Cited by 47 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In addition, the targeted expression of BRAF-V600E in thyroid cells of transgenic mice results in development of invasive PTC with poorly www.intechopen.com differentiated foci that closely recapitulate the phenotype of BRAF-positive PTC in humans. The BRAF-V600E mice had a 30% decrease in survival at 5 months (Kim and Zhu, 2009 and references therein). Fig.…”

Section: The Serine/threonine Kinase Brafmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…knockout of the tumor-suppressor p53) to result in metastasis (Kim and Zhu, 2009 and references therein). By contrast, RET/PTC3 mice develop PTC-like lesions that are similar to the human solid variant of PTC, and unlike RET-PTC1 mice, in about one-third of cases, develop axillary lymph node metastasis (Kim and Zhu, 2009 and references therein). Although transgenic mouse models have shown that RET/PTC rearrangements can initiate thyroid carcinogenesis in vitro, the same studies have indicated that RET/PTC represents a weak tumour-initiating event, requiring additional genetic and/or epigenetic changes for clonal expansion of mutated cells.…”

Section: Tyrosine Kinase Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generation of TRK-T1 transgenic mouse model have demonstrated that, in contrast with in vitro results, TRK-T1 can initiate thyroid cancer. About half of the transgenic mice that expressed TRK-T1 developed thyroid cancer, either FTC or PTC, without distant metastasis (Kim and Zhu, 2009). The receptor-tyrosine kinase MET (which is located on chromosome 7q31) encodes a two-subunit 190 kDa transmembrane protein that is the receptor for HGF.…”

Section: Tyrosine Kinase Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells that loose TSH responsiveness and, at the same time, inactivate the RAS-dependent apoptotic cascade will undergo clonal expansion and tumor development . In vivo studies with transgenic mice have shown controversial results on the role of RAS in thyroid carcinogenesis (Kim and Zhu, 2009 and references therein). In some reports, mutant HRAS or KRAS alone are not apparently sufficient to induce cancer and it appears that additional genetic alterations are required for FTC development.…”

Section: The Ras G-proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expectedly, PTEN inactivation in human tumors has been associated with increased AKT activity. Yet, in transgenic mice loss of PTEN and the subsequent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway causes goiter and follicular adenoma but it appears not to be sufficient for malignant transformation of thyroid cells (Kim and Zhu, 2009 and references therein).…”

Section: Pten Mutations and Loss Of Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Molecular Biology of Thyroid Cancer

Viglietto¹,

Marco²

2011

Contemporary Aspects of Endocrinology

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Section: The Serine/threonine Kinase Brafmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tyrosine Kinase Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tyrosine Kinase Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ras G-proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pten Mutations and Loss Of Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Molecular Biology of Thyroid Cancer

Viglietto¹,

Marco²

2011

Contemporary Aspects of Endocrinology

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Optimizing detection of RET and PPARg rearrangements in thyroid neoplastic cells using a home‐brew tetracolor probe

Caria

Frau

Dettori

et al. 2014

Cancer Cytopathology

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BACKGROUNDFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify specific DNA target sequences in the nuclei of nondividing cells of numerous solid neoplasms has contributed to the introduction of molecular cytogenetics as a useful adjunct to cytology, leading recently to the “marriage” of the 2 disciplines. Numerous cancer molecular markers can now be investigated using different technical approaches, at both the gene and expression levels, in biopsies of various suspected cancers, including differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The limited amount of bioptic material is often insufficient to carry out multiple tests, and optimizing handling of the biopsy is desirable. METHODS We have developed a home-brew tetracolor break-apart probe able to simultaneously identify the 2 most common genetic alterations in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: RET/PTC variants in papillary thyroid carcinoma and PAX8/PPARg fusion and variants in follicular thyroid carcinoma. RESULTS The probe had 100% specificity, 99.5% sensitivity, and ≥3% cutoff. The probe was tested on RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARg RT-PCR positive controls, and feasibility was assessed in 368 thyroid nodule fine-needle aspirations (FNA). In the latter analysis, 24 FNAs had split RET signal, and 9 had split PPARg signal. FISH analysis of available surgically removed nodules confirmed the sensitivity of FISH in detecting abnormal clones and oligoclones. CONCLUSIONS The home-brew tetracolor probe showed high feasibility, optimizing the use of the biological material in relation to the available molecular tests and maximizing the FISH experimental and slide-scoring times. This probe may be considered an alternative to RT-PCR when recovery and quality of RNA amplification from FNA are insufficient. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:377–385. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer Cytopathology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non- commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Structural alterations in tumor‐draining lymph nodes before papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis

et al. 2017

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Background The purpose of this study was to define and characterize the thyroid tumor-draining lymph nodes in genetically engineered mice harboring thyroid-specific expression of oncogenic BrafV600E with and without Pten insufficiency. Methods After intratumoral injection of methylene blue, the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland was visualized in real time. The thyroid gland/tumor was resected en bloc with the respiratory system for histological analysis. Results Although mice harboring BrafV600E mutations were smaller in body size compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates, the size of their thyroid glands and deep cervical lymph nodes were significantly larger. Additionally, the tumor-draining lymph nodes showed increased and enlarged lymphatic sinuses that were distributed throughout the cortex and medulla. Tumor-reactive lymphadenopathy and histiocytosis, but no frank metastases, were observed in all mice harboring BrafV600E mutations. Conclusions The tumor-draining lymph nodes undergo significant structural alterations in immunocompetent mice, and this may represent a primer for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastasis.

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Lessons from Mouse Models of Thyroid Cancer

Cited by 47 publications

References 96 publications

Molecular Biology of Thyroid Cancer

Molecular Biology of Thyroid Cancer

Optimizing detection of RET and PPARg rearrangements in thyroid neoplastic cells using a home‐brew tetracolor probe

Structural alterations in tumor‐draining lymph nodes before papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis

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