Less than eight (and a half) misconceptions of spatial analysis

Kühn, Ingolf; Dormann, Carsten F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02707.x

Cited by 80 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The correction for autocorrelation and for that matter, the use of regression models in spatial analyses of species richness is somewhat controversial [104], [105]. Moran’s I test shows significant effects of autocorrelation in our data (Table 3) similar to what was observed by Bellwood et al (2005) [53] and Tittensor et al (2010) [57].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Habitat Availability and Heterogeneity and the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool as Predictors of Marine Species Richness in the Tropical Indo-Pacific

Sanciangco

Carpenter

Etnoyer³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

100

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Range overlap patterns were observed in a dataset of 10,446 expert-derived marine species distribution maps, including 8,295 coastal fishes, 1,212 invertebrates (crustaceans and molluscs), 820 reef-building corals, 50 seagrasses, and 69 mangroves. Distributions of tropical Indo-Pacific shore fishes revealed a concentration of species richness in the northern apex and central region of the Coral Triangle epicenter of marine biodiversity. This pattern was supported by distributions of invertebrates and habitat-forming primary producers. Habitat availability, heterogeneity, and sea surface temperatures were highly correlated with species richness across spatial grains ranging from 23,000 to 5,100,000 km2 with and without correction for autocorrelation. The consistent retention of habitat variables in our predictive models supports the area of refuge hypothesis which posits reduced extinction rates in the Coral Triangle. This does not preclude support for a center of origin hypothesis that suggests increased speciation in the region may contribute to species richness. In addition, consistent retention of sea surface temperatures in models suggests that available kinetic energy may also be an important factor in shaping patterns of marine species richness. Kinetic energy may hasten rates of both extinction and speciation. The position of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool to the east of the Coral Triangle in central Oceania and a pattern of increasing species richness from this region into the central and northern parts of the Coral Triangle suggests peripheral speciation with enhanced survival in the cooler parts of the Coral Triangle that also have highly concentrated available habitat. These results indicate that conservation of habitat availability and heterogeneity is important to reduce extinction of marine species and that changes in sea surface temperatures may influence the evolutionary potential of the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Habitat Availability and Heterogeneity and the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool as Predictors of Marine Species Richness in the Tropical Indo-Pacific

Sanciangco

Carpenter

Etnoyer³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

100

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“…Although spatial autocorrelation in residuals may cause problems in interpreting the results, it is a genuine phenomenon in biogeographical and macroecological studies. Kühn and Dormann (2012) summarized this phenomenon as follows: ''If the spatial autocorrelation of an ecological response variable is caused by autocorrelated predictor variables (such as climate, land use, topography, human population densities or virtually any other spatial predictor), we are not alarmed. Of course we do not wish to remove this effect of such predictors.''…”

Section: Statistical Methods For Modelling Diversity Across the Provimentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic diversity of regional beetle faunas at high latitudes: patterns, drivers and chance along ecological gradients

2015

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Patterns in phylogenetic diversity are poorly known for many taxonomic groups, including hyperdiverse insect taxa. We contrasted patterns in the species richness and phylogenetic diversity of provincial beetle faunas in northern Europe (54°N to 71°N). We found that species richness and phylogenetic diversity varied rather predictably along ecogeographical gradients, with species richness and a proxy measure of phylogenetic diversity, average taxonomic distinctness (AvTD), decreasing from south to north and being strongly positively related to maximum temperature. A proxy measure of variation in phylogenetic diversity, variation in taxonomic distinctness (VarTD), was also strongly related to maximum temperature, but the relationship was negative. This was a novel finding, showing a reversed latitudinal gradient in biodiversity. In more than half of the provinces, AvTD value was significantly less than expected by chance. Also, more than half of the provinces showed significantly higher VarTD values than expected based on random draws of species. Our results showed that the phylogenetic diversity of beetle faunas is rather strongly associated with climatic gradients at high latitudes. Given that climatic variability and temperature extremes are correlated with phylogenetic diversity, climate change is likely to modify strongly this facet of diversity. Average phylogenetic Communicated by Dirk Sven Schmeller. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (diversity is likely to increase in the northernmost parts of the study area if climate and vegetation become more suitable for many southern beetle species. Our statistical approach to test chance expectations based on random draws of species from larger-scale species pool is highly flexible in tackling this question when true phylogenies are not available.

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“…I used the Spatial Eigenvector Mapping (SEVM) routine in SAM 4.0 (Rangel et al, 2010) to model the spatial autocorrelation that remained in the residuals after the single or multivariate environmental models were fit to the data (Diniz-Filho and Bini, 2005; Kühn and Dormann 2012); SEVM resulted in significant spatial predictors (i.e., Spatial Filters: SFs) that were combined with environmental variables in fully spatial explicit models, while avoiding the introduction of multicollinearity in the data (Kühn and Dormann, 2012). The variance inflation factor (VIF) was used as a measure of the degree of multicollinearity present in the data (VIF < 10, see Chatterjee and Hadi, 2006;Dormann et al, 2013).…”

Section: Analyses Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of the Resource's and Bergmann's rules in a widely distributed small carnivore from southern South America, Conepatus chinga (Molina, 1782) (Carnivora: Mephitidae)

Schiaffini

2016

Mammalian Biology

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a b s t r a c tBergmann's rule is one of the most known biological rules and relates the body size variation to changes in latitude or temperature. Most recently, a "resource rule" had been presented, which explains several trends in body size, as a consequence of availability of resources. South American Conepatus chinga is one of the most widespread small carnivores in the Neotropics, being geographically distributed from Perú and Brazil to southern Argentina and Chile. This widely distributed species encounters a high environmental variability, which could affect body size and morphological variations. Here, I analyze geographical patterns of variation in body size and morphology estimated using a geometric morphometric approach from museum specimens. The associations between geographical patterns of variation in body size and morphometry and climatic and/or environmental variables were evaluated, using several databases and multiple regressions and redundancy analysis. Throughout the study, the presence of spatial autocorrelation was analyzed, and Spatial Eigenvector Mapping (SEVM) was used. The arid diagonal was identified as containing the smaller specimens of C. chinga, primarily related to net primary productivity (NPP). Bergmann's rule seems not to be valid for this species. Instead, evidence seems to support the "resource rule" as the primarily explanation for body size variation. A lower amount of morphological variation was explained by NPP, mainly related to relative size variation of premolar and molars.

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Less than eight (and a half) misconceptions of spatial analysis

Cited by 80 publications

References 35 publications

Habitat Availability and Heterogeneity and the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool as Predictors of Marine Species Richness in the Tropical Indo-Pacific

Habitat Availability and Heterogeneity and the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool as Predictors of Marine Species Richness in the Tropical Indo-Pacific

Phylogenetic diversity of regional beetle faunas at high latitudes: patterns, drivers and chance along ecological gradients

A test of the Resource's and Bergmann's rules in a widely distributed small carnivore from southern South America, Conepatus chinga (Molina, 1782) (Carnivora: Mephitidae)

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