Les troubles moteurs chez les enfants dyslexiques : revue de travaux et perspectives

Abstract

Introduction. La dyslexie est un trouble développemental très fréquemment associé à des troubles moteurs de différente nature. Cet article propose une revue des travaux portant sur la motricité des enfants et des adultes dyslexiques. Apports de la littérature. Dans un premier temps, nous constatons que la comorbidité entre dyslexie et trouble de l'acquisition des coordinations (TAC) est très fréquente. Par ailleurs, les recherches montrent que ces patients présentent des dysfonctionnements moteurs que l'on peut qualifier de subcliniques. Ces travaux peuvent être catégorisés en fonction des domaines de la motricité sur lesquels ils portent : contrôle de l'équilibre, motricité fine et motricité oculaire. Discussion. Nous développons à l'issue de cette revue deux théories explicatives de ces particularités, celle du développement cérébral atypique (Kaplan, Wilson, Dewey, & Crawford, 1998) et celle du déficit d'apprentissage procédural (Nicolson & Fawcett, 2007). Les travaux sur la comorbidité entre les troubles des apprentissages scolaires et non scolaires doivent, de notre point de vue être renforcés. Conclusion. Une approche plus intégrative pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre la cooccurrence entre les troubles neuro-développementaux.Mots clés : dyslexie, trouble de l'acquisition de la coordination, coordination motrice, comorbidité Summary: Introduction. Dyslexia is a developmental disorder frequently associated with motor disorders. This article offers a review of works on motor skills of children and adults with dyslexia. Literature findings. First, comorbidity between dyslexia and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is very common. Moreover, studies show that these patients have motor dysfunction that can be described as subclinical. This paper categorizes the studies according to areas of motor skills: balance control, fine motor control and eye movements. Discussion. At the end of this review, we develop two theories advanced to explain motor disorders in dyslexia: the atypical brain development (Kaplan, et al., 1998) and the procedural learning disorder . In our view, research focused on comorbidity between learning disabilities and motor disorders should be strengthened. Conclusion. A more integrative approach could help to better understand the cooccurrence between neurodevelopmental disorders.

International Society of Research and Advocacy for Developmental Coordination Disorder (ISRA-DCD)—15th Biannual Conference and International Motor Development Research Consortium (I-MDRC)—6th Assembly

“…Background: Handwriting is a rhythmic activity and difficulties to process rhythmic and temporal information may contribute to handwriting alteration. Indeed, numerous studies have reported that rhythm perception and production are impaired in both developmental coordination disorders (DCD) and dyslexia (Lense et al, 2021), two disorders that are frequently associated with dysgraphia (Jolly et al, 2023;Jover et al, 2013). However, rhythmic processing may be different in these two disorders, suggesting that the relation between handwriting and rhythm alterations depends on the associated disorder.…”

Improving literacy development with fine motor skills training: A digital game-based intervention in fourth grade

“…example, the difficulties of children with impaired motor control, such as in developmental coordination disorder (DCD), may be reduced by specific motor training. Importantly, DCD is frequently associated with written language impairments (Jover et al, 2013;Kaplan et al, 2001), and it is probable that the transfer of motor improvement to reading and writing may be more effective in this population.…”