“…From the Armenian genocide and the longstanding Israeli-Palestinian crises over the second half of the twentieth century to the 2003 war in Iraq, the conflicts that have torn the Middle East have compelled millions to leave their country. In recent decades, along the constant flows of Palestinian refugees 1 (Doraï, 2006) and those from Iraq (Chatelard and Doraï, 2009), labor migrations within the region as well as from Southern Asia and, to a lesser extent from Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa have contributed to the dynamics of mobility patterns across the Middle-East (Berthomière, 2002;De Bel-Air, 2005;Anteby-Yemini, 2008;Dahdah, 2014). As such, the region stands as a "migration crossroads" (Berthomière et al, 2003) which fully participates in the process of "the globalization of international migrations" (Berthomière, 2007).…”