Les Parcs naturels, du concept à la pratique d'une agriculture environnementale

Abstract

Les années 1990 permettent, grâce à la réforme de la P.A.C. aux Parcs Naturels de s'exprimer et de tendre vers la réalisation d'un de leurs objectifs, à savoir le rapprochement et la bonne harmonie entre agriculture et environnement. La qualité de l'environnement et des paysages constitue une de leurs principales ressources. De ce fait, les Parcs Naturels participent activement à la mise en place de l'article 19 puis des mesures agri-environnementales au travers d'O.G.A.F. environnement. Ces opérations contribuent à l'élaboration des concepts d'agriculture durable voire de développement durable, indispensables à l'essor du tourisme de nature.

Are protected areas effective in conserving human connection with nature and enhancing pro-environmental behaviours?

“…Based on this literature support, our results therefore suggest that PAs, through the increase in opportunities to experience nature they provide and the effect of institutional context, can reduce the disconnection of their inhabitants with nature and their psychological distance with biodiversity and environmental issues. This can involve environmental educationexposing inhabitants to ecological information (e.g., through popularisation activities or signs)-, and making people feel they live in a biodiversity rich area (Laurens, 1995;Hinds and Sparks, 2008;Halpenny, 2010). In addition, the concepts of biodiversity and sustainable development are more prone to be present in formal communication from the PAs' institutions; this could produce normative messages about environment, which may warrant individual implementation of PEBs.…”

“…In this study, we gathered two types of natural parks that present relatively different objectives (Lepart and Marty, 2006;Laurens, 1995). Indeed, national parks are mainly dedicated to biodiversity and landscape protection, excluding people from their core area.…”

“…Both of them cover fairly large areas and are well known to local people who are aware that they live in or near such PAs, unlike some of the smaller PAs in France. These two types of PA are nevertheless very different in terms of their objectives and means of nature conservation (Laurens, 1995;Lepart and Marty, 2006). The primary objective of national parks is to protect biodiversity, often concerning the presence of emblematic species.…”

“…First, PAs are more natural than the average (Joppa and Pfaff, 2011), which allows nearby inhabitants to have more opportunities to experience nature than other people do. Second, as PAs' governance systems are particularly dedicated to biodiversity (UNEP-WCMC, IUCN and NGS, 2018), inhabitants can be in contact with ecological information through education initiatives of PAs (e.g., signs, activities, conferences, green tourism (Cetas and Yasué, 2017;Laurens, 1995)). Hence, PAs inhabitants and neighbours can be directly affected by PAs, for instance by being more exposed to pro-biodiversity discourses in their daily lives than other people are; we refer to this effect in the manuscript by "PAs' institutional context".…”