Les noces du risque et de la politique

Ewald, François; Kessler, Denis

doi:10.3917/deba.109.0055

Cited by 62 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…D'autres auteurs relèvent le paradoxe existant entre l'observation d'une société qui n'a jamais été autant sécurisée et la demande d'une protection collective toujours plus forte, qui s'expliquerait par un seuil de tolérance à l'insécurité de plus en plus bas chez les individus (2). D'autres intellectuels encore, pensent que le risque « est manifestement au centre de la morale moderne » et vont jusqu'à proposer de séparer la société française en deux mondes, non pas entre riches et pauvres, mais entre « risquophiles » et « risquophobes » (Ewald et Kessler, 2000) : les premiers, porteurs de l'esprit d'entreprise, accepteraient d'affronter les défis d'aujourd'hui ; les seconds, trop « frileux », chercheraient au contraire à s'en protéger. À l'origine, risque, de l'italien risco, est un terme marin qui désigne l'écueil qui menace un navire.…”

Section: Risqueunclassified

Mesurer les préférences individuelles à l'égard du risque

Arrondel¹,

Masson²,

Verger³

2004

estat

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[eng] Measuring Individual Time Preferences . Microeconomic theory makes a saver’s choices dependent on the lifecycle of his discount rate, or on the subjective discount rate he uses to anticipate his future gratifications. The higher this rate, the lower the savings level. This time preference, characteristic of the agent’s life expectancy, needs to be differentiated from the parameters that govern his decisions as regards other timeframes: his extent of shorter-run impatience, but also his intergenerational altruism. Just as the discount rate compares a deferred gratification with gratification today, the extent of altruism indicates the relative weight placed on the welfare of one’s children - or the welfare of future generations - compared with one’s own welfare. A specific questionnaire has been put to a sub-sample of the 1998 INSEE Patrimoine survey on personal wealth to evaluate these individual preferences. To avoid the problems encountered by previous measurement attempts, the questionnaire contains the usual choices - between pleasures assumed equivalent on different dates -, but also puts a range of simpler and more concrete questions seeking to better identify what the time preference really represents in terms of decisionmaking period and "life plans”. By covering a large number of areas and situations, we hope to limit context effects and better control the other factors involved in intertemporal choices: interest rates, attitude to risk under a necessarily uncertain future, liquidity constraints, etc. The discount rate, impatience and extents of altruism - family and non-family related - are then evaluated by scores, ordinal measures that summarise the interviewee’s responses to all the questions attributed to each preference. Who is provident - low short-run time preference - impatient or altruistic? The explanatory regressions on the different scores generally produce the expected findings. Time preference appears to be transmitted through the mother. It is lower among seniors, qualified individuals, those in couples and those with children. In effect, most of the interviewees whose time preference is found to have changed consider that they have become more prudent as they have got older. A high level of education is positively correlated with both forms of altruism - family and non-family related. However, short-run impatience, an indicator we knew to be composite, does not depend on household characteristics. The only surprise is that women do not appear to be more provident or even more altruistic than the men as regards their children. [fre] Mesurer les préférences individuelles à l’égard du risque . Sensibles aux dimensions plurielle et variées des comportements face au risque, les développements récents de la microéconomie de l’incertain multiplient à l’envi le nombre de paramètres individuels de préférence - aversion au risque, prudence, tempérance, aversion à la perte, etc. - pour en rendre compte. De même, les études expérimentales ou de terrain cherchent à cerner cette diversité en dis...

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Section: Risqueunclassified

Mesurer les préférences individuelles à l'égard du risque

Arrondel¹,

Masson²,

Verger³

2004

estat

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“…The employers' association, which was having to deal at the time with a leftwing government led by Lionel Jospin, was seeking to regain control over employment and labour relations, if possible by bringing about radical changes in the legislative framework governing both employment and industrial relations. MEDEF's position, which was articulated particularly by Ewald and Kessler (Ewald and Kessler, 2000;Kessler, 2001), the two leading thinkers on the employers' side, was very close to the analyses of the 'risk society' developed by Beck (2001) and Giddens (1994). Like Beck, they defined risk very broadly to include both major collective risks (accidents at work, loss of income because of sickness or retirement) and new risks (unemployment, exclusion).…”

Section: Continuing Training Against the Background Of A Restructurinmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reforming the training system in France

Méhaut

2005

Industrial Relations J

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The French system of continuing vocational training was set up in 1970 by an intersectoral collective agreement that was then followed by legislation. More than 30 years on, the economic and social context has changed and the system now faces new challenges. In 2001 and again in 2003 the social partners embarked upon new negotiations in a bid to redesign the system. Analysis of the negotiation process and of its outcomes reveals both the persistence of societal characteristics and the emergence of significant innovations, particularly in the individualisation of training. This dual trend is explained by the characteristics of the actors involved as well as by the weakness of the state.

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“…This is why François Ewald and Denis Kessler (2000, p. 55) have written that there is "a requirement that modern policy be thought about in terms of optimal risk distribution" (our translation).…”

Section: Law Instrumentalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (or the Virtual Times of a Postmodern Law)

Trudel¹

2015

Revista Pensar

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the paper presents a critical perspective about the article "Le temps virtuel des lois postmodernes ou comment le droit se traite dans la société de l'information" ("The Virtual Time of Postmodern Laws, or How the Law is Processed in the Information Society"), published by the philosopher and jurist François Ost, with the purpose of conducting a case study through the Brazilian law "Marco Civil da Internet" ("Civil Rights Framework for the Internet"). The article analyzes the profound changes in the way the law came to be produced and interpreted, in the passage from the forms of writing and printing based on paper to the forms of text processing and communication based on computers and networks. The law known as "Marco Civil da Internet" (Law 12,965 / 2014) was used here as a validity test of the main elements of the text under examination, by means of illustrations and references published by the international media, especially after the diplomatic incidents arising from the revelations of the electronic monitoring of international telecommunications, conducted by the National Agency of Security (NSA) of the United States of America. The study concludes that Ost's article, published even before the Internet massification, can be considered as a premonitory insight about the changes in the operation and reproduction of law in the postmodern society, in which the hierarchical and pyramidal understanding of law moves to a distributed and networked understanding and The Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (or the virtual times of a postmodern law) production of law. It also concludes that the paradigmatic law "Marco Civil da Internet" validates the propositions of the vanguardist article, by meeting the postmodern characteristics of a law as a network. Finally, it presents relations between the model of word processing of law and risk as deployments of the transformations that law is undergoing in the postmodern society.Keywords: Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet; law as a network; legal word processing; legal risk. (Lei 12.965/2014) Resumo o trabalho apresenta uma perspectiva crítica do artigo "Le temps virtuel des lois postmodernes ou comment le droit se traite dans la société de l'information" ("O tempo virtual das lei pós-modernas ou como o Direito se trata na sociedade da informação"), publicado pelo filósofo e jurista François Ost, com o propósito de realizar um estudo de caso por meio da lei brasileira "Marco Civil da Internet". O artigo analisa as profundas mudanças na forma que o Direito passou a ser produzido e interpretado na passagem das formas de escrita e impressão baseadas em papel para formas de processamento de texto e comunicação baseados em computadores e redes. A lei conhecida como "Marco Civil"

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Les noces du risque et de la politique

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Mesurer les préférences individuelles à l'égard du risque

Mesurer les préférences individuelles à l'égard du risque

Reforming the training system in France

The Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (or the Virtual Times of a Postmodern Law)

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