Les galectines

Advedissian, Tamara; Deshayes, Frédérique; Poirier, Françoise; Grandjean, Cyrille; Viguier, Mireille

doi:10.1051/medsci/20153105011

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To date, at least 15 galectins have been identified, all of which contain one or two CRDs of about 130 amino acids each. Based on the CRD organization, galectins are divided into three subfamilies: the “prototype” subfamily that contains only one CRD (galectin‐1, ‐2, ‐5, ‐7, ‐10, ‐11, ‐13, and ‐14); the “tandem‐repeat type” subfamily that has two separate CRDs connected by nonconserved amino acid sequences (galectin-4,-6, -8, -9, and -12); and the “chimeric-type” subfamily contains one CRD and a nonlectin region of about 120 residues at the N-terminal of CRD (galectin-3) [11, 12]. These lectins have been detected in numerous tissues and organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-1, -4, and -7 Were Associated with High Activity of Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Vilar

Pereira

Dantas

et al. 2019

Autoimmune Diseases

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Background. Due to the variety of functions that galectins (Gal) possess, it is clear that they participate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although some studies demonstrate their functions, there is still no correlation with the clinical data of the disease, having the physiological meaning still unknown. Objectives. To compare serum levels of Gal-1, -4, and -7 in patients with RA and healthy controls and to correlate them with clinical parameters. Methods. Serum samples were collected from patients with RA and healthy donors to determine the serum levels of Gal-1, -4, and -7. Results. Serum levels of Gal-1, -4, and -7 were significantly higher in RA patients compared to controls. We evaluated disease activity (CDAI) with serum levels of galectins and found that patients who were high in disease activity had high levels of galectin compared to the moderate activity group. Galectin-4 had higher levels in patients who were in high activity when compared to the group in remission or low activity. Evaluating the activity of the individual disease (DAS28), patients in high individual activity had high levels of Gal-4 when compared to the group in remission or low activity. We also found an association between positive rheumatoid factor and Gal-1 and Gal-4 levels. Conclusion. Our results show for the first time the relationship between serum levels of galectin and the clinical parameters of patients with RA. Demonstrating their role in pathogenesis, new studies with galectins are needed to assess how they function as a biomarker in RA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-1, -4, and -7 Were Associated with High Activity of Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Vilar

Pereira

Dantas

et al. 2019

Autoimmune Diseases

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“…The high-field resonance at 173 ppm is probably from the carbonyl resonance of amide groups that may be found in proteins [ 58 ]. They may originate from collagen, silicatein or copolypeptides [ 59 ], or glycoproteins such as lectines [ 36 , 60 ], and even more specifically from galectins [ 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the structure and morphogenesis of the giant basal spicule of the glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni

et al. 2021

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Background A basal spicule of the hexactinellid sponge Monorhaphis chuni may reach up to 3 m in length and 10 mm in diameter, an extreme case of large spicule size. Generally, sponge spicules are of scales from micrometers to centimeters. Due to its large size many researchers have described its structure and properties and have proposed it as a model of hexactinellid spicule development. Thorough examination of new material of this basal spicule has revealed numerous inconsistencies between our observations and earlier descriptions. In this work, we present the results of detailed examinations with transmitted light and epifluorescence microscopy, SEM, solid state NMR analysis, FTIR and X-ray analysis and staining of Monorhaphis chuni basal spicules of different sizes, collected from a number of deep sea locations, to better understand its structure and function. Results Three morphologically/structurally different silica layers i.e. plain glassy layer (PG), tuberculate layer (TL) and annular layer (AL), and an axial cylinder (AC) characterize adult spicules. Young, immature spicules display only plain glassy silica layers which dominate the spicule volume. All three layers i.e. PG, TL and AL can substitute for each other along the surface of the spicule, but equally they are superimposed in older parts of the spicules, with AL being the most external and occurring only in the lower part of the spicules and TL being intermediate between AL and PG. The TL, which is composed of several thinner layers, is formed by a progressive folding of its surface but its microstructure is the same as in the PG layer (glassy silica). The AL differs significantly from the PG and TL in being granular and porous in structure. The TL was found to display positive structures (tubercles), not depressions, as earlier suggested. The apparent perforated and non-perforated bands of the AL are an optical artefact. The new layer type that we called the Ripple Mark Layer (RML) was noted, as well as narrow spikes on the AL ridges, both structures not reported earlier. The interface of the TL and AL, where tubercles fit into depressions of the lower surface of the AL, represent tenon and mortise or dovetail joints, making the spicules more stiff/strong and thus less prone to breaking in the lower part. Early stages of the spicule growth are bidirectional, later growth is unidirectional toward the spicule apex. Growth in thickness proceeds by adding new layers. The spicules are composed of well condensed silica, but the outermost AL is characterized by slightly more condensed silica with less water than the rest. Organics permeating the silica are homogeneous and proteinaceous. The external organic net (most probably collagen) enveloping the basal spicule is a structural element that bounds the sponge body together with the spicule, rather than controlling tubercle formation. Growth of various layers may proceed simultaneously in different locations along the spicule and it is sclerosyncytium that controls formation of silica layers. The growth in spicule length is controlled by extension of the top of the axial filament that is not enclosed by silica and is not involved in further silica deposition. No structures that can be related to sclerocytes (as known in Demospongiae) in Monorhaphis were discovered during this study. Conclusions Our studies resulted in a new insight into the structure and growth of the basal Monorhaphis spicules that contradicts earlier results, and permitted us to propose a new model of this spicule’s formation. Due to its unique structure, associated with its function, the basal spicule of Monorhaphis chuni cannot serve as a general model of growth for all hexactinellid spicules.

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“…Galectins are lectins that are expressed by various immune cells and display specificity for β-galactose-containing oligosaccharides [294]. Fifteen distinct proteins are present in mammals and are categorized into proto, chimera, or tandem-repeat type, based on the number of sugar-binding domains they possess [295]. Although galectins participate in the initiation of inflammation [296], their most well-described role in inflammatory processes is to contribute to the resolution of inflammation by controlling neutrophil turnover, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing the production of antiinflammatory molecules, and facilitating macrophage switch toward anti-inflammatory state [294,297,298].…”

Section: Other Pro-resolving Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Actors of Inflammation and Their Signaling Pathways: Mechanistic Insights from Zebrafish

Leiba

Özbilgiç

Hernández

et al. 2023

Biology

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Inflammation is a hallmark of the physiological response to aggressions. It is orchestrated by a plethora of molecules that detect the danger, signal intracellularly, and activate immune mechanisms to fight the threat. Understanding these processes at a level that allows to modulate their fate in a pathological context strongly relies on in vivo studies, as these can capture the complexity of the whole process and integrate the intricate interplay between the cellular and molecular actors of inflammation. Over the years, zebrafish has proven to be a well-recognized model to study immune responses linked to human physiopathology. We here provide a systematic review of the molecular effectors of inflammation known in this vertebrate and recapitulate their modes of action, as inferred from sterile or infection-based inflammatory models. We present a comprehensive analysis of their sequence, expression, and tissue distribution and summarize the tools that have been developed to study their function. We further highlight how these tools helped gain insights into the mechanisms of immune cell activation, induction, or resolution of inflammation, by uncovering downstream receptors and signaling pathways. These progresses pave the way for more refined models of inflammation, mimicking human diseases and enabling drug development using zebrafish models.

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Les galectines

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Galectin-1, -4, and -7 Were Associated with High Activity of Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Galectin-1, -4, and -7 Were Associated with High Activity of Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Insights into the structure and morphogenesis of the giant basal spicule of the glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni

Molecular Actors of Inflammation and Their Signaling Pathways: Mechanistic Insights from Zebrafish

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