Les eaux souterraines

Abstract

L’eau contenue dans le sol et dans le sous-sol constitue la majeure partie de l’eau qu’utilise l’homme. Nous décrirons ici l’occurrence, le renouvellement ou le tarissement de cette ressource au niveau mondial, les menaces dues aux activités humaines qui pesent sur la qualité des eaux, la sécurité intérieure et extérieure des eaux souterraines, ainsi que les mesures visant à préserver celles-ci et leur gestion participative.

Caractérisation physico-chimique et source de la minéralisation des eaux souterraines des départements de Daloa et Zoukougbeu, Côte d’Ivoire

“…Les eaux souterraines sont d'une importance capitale dans la plupart des régions du monde pour l'approvisionnement en eau potable. Elles peuvent aussi être captées par l'homme grâce à des puits ou forages (De Marsily et al, 2017). La résurgence de ces eaux génère les eaux de source.…”

Mineralization of Natural Spring Water in the City of Daloa (West-Central Côte d’Ivoire)

“…In fact, spring water is the natural emergence of groundwater that appears in a localised or diffuse manner on the surface of the ground. They are natural drainage areas or point outlets for ground water and can also be captured by wells or boreholes (De Marsily & Besbes, 2017). Thus, due to their piezometric level close to the soil surface, these waters are exposed to anthropogenic pollution.…”

Contribution of the dynamic visualization of a 3D hydrogeological conceptual model to the participatory management of groundwater resources

“…It is thus critically important for sustainable development as it provides water for domestic use, agriculture, industries and other socioeconomic sectors and as well for many ecological services. It is estimated that at global scale, groundwater withdrawals have increased sixfold in the past 60 years [ Van der Gun, 2012], linked to population growth, industrialization, urbanization and change of diet [De Marsily and Besbes, 2017]. Depletion of aquifers 1 with important drawdowns of water table occurred in several regions around the world, leading in some cases to irreversible degradation of groundwater chemical quality and to land subsidence [Bierkens and Wada, 2019].…”

“…to have sufficient knowledge and understanding of processes taking place, from rainfall to recharge, drainage and discharge [De Marsily and Besbes, 2017]. Without an inclusive and integrated water resources management of groundwater, socio-political issues may arise and worsen (conflicts of use), specifically in areas where water scarcity is already a burden.…”

“…Such a multilateral approach implies mutual learning between water users, policy makers, technical experts on groundwater resources and management, including culture heritage, community values and technical expertise. Stakeholders' ignorance concerning groundwater resources and the impacts of their various activities, dissociates them from any long-term responsibility [De Marsily and Besbes, 2017]. Sharing knowledge and information, even participation to monitoring activities provides a better understanding of the groundwater resources and their hydrodynamics under climatic and anthropic conditions (withdrawals, land use changes, etc.…”