Leptin Levels and Appetite Score in Patients on Hemodialysis Using High Flux or Medium Cutoff Membranes

Profiling and In Silico Study of Carica papaya Extract on Appetite Regulation

“…Appetite is regulated by a complex physiological system. Several hormones involved in regulation appetite including ghrelin, NPY, and leptin (Armani et al, 2023). Ghrelin and NPY can stimulate appetite and leptin make satiesty and the other side leptin can inhibit appetite.…”

“…Leptin, a hormone released by adipose tissue, plays a crucial role in appetite regulation, they can inhibit appetite (Al-Hussaniy et al, 2021). Leptin acts on the hypothalamus to decrease the production of neuropeptide Y (Armani et al, 2023). Carpaine's interaction with NPY could impact it signaling pathways, potentially influencing hunger and satiety mechanisms (Inui et al, 2004;Beck, 2006).…”

Which Patient Phenotype Is the Ideal Candidate for Hemoadsorption in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease?

“…[2] The unfolding story of middle molecules tells us today that the patients with residual renal function tend to have lower levels of uremia retention products and tend to present with fewer signs and symptoms of uremia. It has been demonstrated that accumulation of molecules such as Leptin may interfere with appetite; [10] beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) and Serum Amyloid-A correlate with the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome; [11] high levels of parathyroid hormon (PTH) correlate with osteo-articular disorders and cardiovascular complications; [12] while retention of enzyme inhibitory proteins and light chains may cause inflammation, anemia and immunological dysfunction. [13] All these molecules are in the range of 10 to 50 kDa and are insufficiently cleared by classic dialysis techniques.…”