Leptin, Adiponectin and Insulin as Regulators for Energy Metabolism in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Wong, Sok Kuan; Chin, Kok‐Yong; Ima‐Nirwana, Soelaiman

doi:10.17576/jsm-2019-4812-11

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A more significant reduction was found in the EE groups in a dose-dependent manner and the level of the EE2 group was recovered to that of the Control group. Insulin is secreted to enhance the glycolysis process and lower glucose levels when glucose concentration is high [35]. In this study, blood glucose concentration was reduced in the AE and EE groups and insulin value also decreased in these groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Therefore, these results imply that AH ethanol extract may lower the value of glycated hemoglobin and has the ability to improve insulin sensitivity. Leptin is known to decrease food intake, facilitate glucose utilization, and improve insulin sensitivity in the maintenance of metabolic balance [35]. A significantly increased blood leptin level was observed in the NC group (1.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL) compared with the Control group (0.3 ± 0.1 ng/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Extracts Prepared by Different Methods in Type 2 C57BL/J-db/db Mice

et al. 2022

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This study was conducted to evaluate whether Allium hookeri can control diabetic symptoms. Aqueous extract (AE1: 100 mg/kg BW, AE2: 200 mg/kg BW) and ethanol extract (EE1: 100 mg/kg BW, EE2: 200 mg/kg BW) of A. hookeri were orally administrated to diabetic mice (C57BL/J-db/db) for 8 weeks. The negative (NC) and the positive (PC) control groups were treated with 0.9% saline and metformin (150 mg/kg BW), respectively. Glucose and lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, and HDL-C) as biochemical parameters, toxicological factors such as liver/kidney functional parameters (ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr), and NK cell activity in blood were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and histopathological examination were also conducted. Compared with the NC group, AE and EE decreased blood glucose, HbA1c, area under the curve (AUC) during OGTT, and leptin levels while increasing adiponectin levels. Serum lipid profiles and toxicological factors levels were reduced by the A. hookeri extract. Interestingly, HDL-C, glomerular mesangial expansion score in the kidney, and NK cell activity were effectively controlled in EE groups. Based on the results, EE is considered to be more effective in reducing high blood glucose, lipid profile, and related factor levels than AE, and is comparable to metformin in some biomarkers. It can be presumed that EE can more effectively control the major anomalies in the diabetic model than AE, and it may be used to prevent diabetic symptoms without toxicity in the Type 2 diabetic model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Extracts Prepared by Different Methods in Type 2 C57BL/J-db/db Mice

et al. 2022

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“…The diabetic characteristics of db/db mouse model are derived from single autosomal recessive mutation in leptin receptor gene on chromosome 4, whereby the defective leptin receptor results in excessive extracellular leptin but lack of intracellular leptin 31 . The impairment of leptin signalling perturbs the physiological processes of glucose utilisation, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity 32 . Thus, it has been postulated that HCQ might be inefficient to alleviate insulin resistance caused by attenuation of leptin signalling in the leptin receptor-deficient mice.…”

Section: The Anti-hyperglycaemic Action Of Chloroquinementioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing New Use for Old Drug Chloroquine against Metabolic Syndrome: A Review on Animal and Human Evidence

Wong¹

2021

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are traditional anti-malarial drugs that have been repurposed for new therapeutic uses in many diseases due to their simple usage and cost-effectiveness. The pleiotropic effects of CQ and HCQ in regulating blood pressure, glucose homeostasis, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism have been previously described in vivo and in humans, thus suggesting their role in metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevention. The anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, and anti-obesity effects of CQ and HCQ might be elicited through reduction of inflammatory response and oxidative stress, improvement of endothelial function, activation of insulin signalling pathway, inhibition of lipogenesis and autophagy, as well as regulation of adipokines and apoptosis. In conclusion, the current state of knowledge supported the repurposing of CQ and HCQ usage in the management of MetS.

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“…According to Skovso [89], a combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and STZ is a better model to recapitulate DM progression in humans. Otherwise, a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet without STZ would also reproduce the hyperinsulinemia state in early DM, but the successful establishment of MetS would take 12-16 weeks [90].…”

Section: Effect Of Ps On Hyperglycaemia or Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Piper sarmentosum on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Complications: A Review of Preclinical Evidence

2021

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Piper sarmentosum (PS) is a traditional medicinal herb used by South East Asians. It demonstrates promising properties against various non-communicable diseases and infectious agents due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Given that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its principal components (central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia), PS could manage MetS and its complications. This review summarises the available literature on the effects of PS on principal components of MetS and their complications. The accumulated evidence suggests that PS prevented adiposity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in preclinical studies mainly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also protected against MetS-associated cardiovascular complications. This review has identified research gaps in this field and suggested future studies to guide interested researchers to explore further or affirm the therapeutic potential of PS. One of the most significant challenges to the medical use of PS is the absence of randomised controlled trials in humans. This study gap must be bridged before PS supplementation could be used to manage MetS in humans.

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Leptin, Adiponectin and Insulin as Regulators for Energy Metabolism in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Extracts Prepared by Different Methods in Type 2 C57BL/J-db/db Mice

Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Extracts Prepared by Different Methods in Type 2 C57BL/J-db/db Mice

Repurposing New Use for Old Drug Chloroquine against Metabolic Syndrome: A Review on Animal and Human Evidence

Effects of Piper sarmentosum on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Complications: A Review of Preclinical Evidence

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