Length dependent behavior of a carbon nanotube interacting at liquid-air interface

Asis, Edward D. de; Li, You; Ohta, Riichiro; Austin, Alex J.; Leung, Joseph; Nguyen, Cattien V.

doi:10.1063/1.2953688

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Asis et al (2008) studied the length failure behavior of multiwalled (MW) CNTs submerged in water and found some appropriate dimensions for prevention of failure or bending during entering the liquid. They used MWCNTs with different geometries and, by calculating surface tension forces acting on MWCNTs at the water-air interface and also elastic bending of the CNT, determined the role of these forces on the possibility of nanotube penetration or its bending before entering the liquid.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Carbon Nanotube Tipped Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Korayem

Ebrahimi

2013

Microsc Microanal

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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are proper tips for atomic force microscopes (AFMs) as a result of their small tip diameter, high aspect ratio, and high flexibility. For nanoscale imaging of soft biological specimens, a CNT tipped AFM is an ideal tool. In this article we review the application of CNTs as AFM tips and present related research about the forces applied from liquids on nanotubes. Then a dynamic mode CNT tipped AFM in liquid is modeled and simulated. The simulation results are compared with experimental results. For modeling and simulation, a continuous beam model and a forward-time simulation method are used. The simulation results show that when a CNT tip vibrates in liquid, the oscillation amplitude and resonance frequency are changed compared to the state of oscillation in air. The small structure of CNTs reduces the hydrodynamic forces, and the liquid environment reduces the adhesive forces between the CNT tip and the sample. These two factors make CNTs a good choice as an AFM tip.

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Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important factor for application of CNTs is their resistance to failure when they are penetrating into liquid. For this purpose, Asis et al (2008) studied the length failure behavior of multiwalled CNTs as they penetrated into a liquid. In TM application of AFMs, the nanotube may buckle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Carbon Nanotube Tipped Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Korayem

Ebrahimi

2013

Microsc Microanal

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“…For a given tube radius (R ), the equilibrium interface gap h eq and equilibrium interface radius ^l e " can be obtained from the following equations. (5) where the symbol R min denotes half of the minimum atom distance in the corresponding fluid with the bulk phase. 1 As the confined fluid presents the bulk phase, radius R le should satisfy the following equation.…”

Section: Continuum Model Of the Vdw Interface Between The Swcnt And Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the water structures in CNTs present noticeable scale effects, i.e., strong dependence on the tube diameter (Wang et al, 2004). The layer structure (Nanok et al, 2009) or chain structure (Hanasaki et al, 2008) of water is present in corresponding (9,9) and (5,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The phase change of water (Koga et al 2001;Mashl et al, 2003), i.e., from the liquid to the ice phase, may also occur in SWCNTs with a diameter of 1.1 nm to 1.4 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Continuum Model of the Van der Waals Interface for Determining the Critical Diameter of Nanopumps and its Application to Analysis of the Vibration and Stability of Nanopump Systems

Kuang¹,

Shi²,

Chan³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation

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Carbon nanotubes make ideal nanopumps for the transport of fluid. To analyze the vibration and stability of nanopump systems with inner fluid effectively, it is necessary to incorporate nanoscale effects into continuum-based simulations. This paper first proposes a continuum model for the van der Waals (vdW) interface between a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and incompressible inner fluid to determine the critical tube diameter above which continuum fluid mechanics may be reasonably applied to that inner fluid. Then, with overall consideration of the scale effects, including the nonlocal effects of the carbon nanotube, the surface tension of the inner fluid and the vdW interface, an improved Euler beam/plug fluid model is developed to investigate the vibration and stability of the nanopump system. The two models are both validated by comparing with molecular dynamic simulations. The results show that the critical diameter for water flow is about 1.8 nm. Nanopump stability is noticeably enhanced by the surface tension of the inner fluid for a high slenderness ratio. Both coaxial vibration frequency and stability decline as the system temperature is increased. Moreover, the proposed models predict that the transverse vibration of the inner fluid inside a nearly rigid SWCNT occurs due to the existence of the vdW interface gap and the negligible bending rigidity of the fluid.

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“…Since their inception, 1 carbon nanotubes have been developed as ideal tips for atomic force microscopy ͑AFM͒ because their low reactivity 2 and hydrophobicity 3 minimize surface contamination, their small diameters lead to improved lateral resolution, [4][5][6][7] and their high-aspect ratios eliminate concerns of tip wear. 8 The unique electrical and mechanical properties of single-walled ͑SW͒ and multiwalled ͑MW͒ CNT AFM probes have been used to improve tunneling, 9,10 magnetic, 11,12 current-sensing, 13,14 and surface potential 15,16 scanning-probe microscopy as well as scanning nanolithography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of multiple oscillation states of carbon nanotube tipped cantilevers interacting with surfaces in dynamic atomic force microscopy

Strus

Raman

2009

Phys. Rev. B

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Carbon nanotubes ͑CNTs͒ have gained increased interest in dynamic atomic force microscopy ͑dAFM͒ as sharp, flexible, conducting, nonreactive tips for high-resolution imaging, oxidation lithography, and electrostatic force microscopy. By means of theory and experiments we lay out a map of several distinct tapping mode AFM oscillation states for CNT tipped AFM cantilevers: namely, noncontact attractive regime oscillation, intermittent contact with CNT slipping or pinning, or permanent contact with the CNT in point or line contact with the surface while the cantilever oscillates with large amplitude. Each state represents fundamentally different origins of CNT-surface interactions, CNT tip-substrate dissipation, and phase contrast and has major implications for the use of these probes for imaging, compositional contrast, and lithography. In particular, we present a method that uses energy-dissipation spectroscopy to identify if the CNT slips laterally on the surface or remains pinned in the intermittent contact regime. By comparing phase contrast images and energy dissipation on graphite, graphene oxide, and silicon oxide surfaces, we demonstrate the utility of the method in identifying pinning or slipping of the CNT on the surface in the intermittent contact regime.

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Length dependent behavior of a carbon nanotube interacting at liquid-air interface

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Dynamics of Carbon Nanotube Tipped Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Dynamics of Carbon Nanotube Tipped Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

A Continuum Model of the Van der Waals Interface for Determining the Critical Diameter of Nanopumps and its Application to Analysis of the Vibration and Stability of Nanopump Systems

Identification of multiple oscillation states of carbon nanotube tipped cantilevers interacting with surfaces in dynamic atomic force microscopy

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