Leishmaniose visceral (calazar) na Ilha de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil: evolução e perspectivas

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) was definitively an important disease of the state of Maranhão, Brasil since 1982. Since of then, many authors have been working with this topic in spite of reports. Nevertheless, the aspects of diagnosis, treatment an control of cure went through still hard worried the authors have been studying the disease, that came at São Luís Island since of the destabilization of the ecotopes of Lutzomya longipalpis, most important sandflies bites. After 1993 the constatation of cases with bad response to pentavalent antimonial (Glucantime) comes to add the other worries. This actual trial accost the disease and conclude about an existence of failures to Glucantime being important to have much vigilance in the diagnosis, treatment and control of cure of the patients.

Visceral leishmaniasis in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…The clinical manifestations seen in AVL patients of the MRBH are similar to the classic descriptions in the literature (Deane & Deane 1937, Alencar & Aragão 1955 as well as more recent observations (Marzochi, et al 1994, Costa et al 1995, Silva et al 1997. These same authors stated that AVL is a disease that preferentially affects children below 9 years of age, this being the prevalent age group among our study population, with particularly high prevalence in younger children between 1-4 years of age.…”

“…Careful consultation by a physician, followed by a thorough physical is necessary, examination supported by the epidemiological and laboratory data used to confirm diagnosis of VL cases. This is due to the fact that in VL-endemic areas diagnosis may be complicated by the presence of infected but asymptomatic persons as well as people suffering from various other diseases that may give false positive results to serological tests such as malaria, schistosomiasis, leprosy, and others pathologies (Silva et al 1997).…”

Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) de capoeira do Município do Paço do Lumiar, Estado do Maranhão, Brasil: Área de transmissão de leishmaniose

“…No início da década de 80, a leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA) atingiu o Município de São Luís e, posteriormente, os Municípios de São José de Ribamar e do Paço do Lumiar (Nascimento et al, 1994;Silva et al, 1997). Em 1994, essa enfermidade ocorreu em todos os meses do ano, nos três municípios da Ilha, sendo 135 casos em São Luís, 125 em São José de Ribamar e 66 no Paço do Lumiar.…”

Situação epidemiológica da leishmaniose visceral, na Ilha de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão

“…em 1980, começou a incidir em nosso meio 32 , a partir de bairros da Cidade de São Luís, logo se expandindo para outros municípios da Ilha de São Luís 20 25 33 . em 1997, um dos autores, estudando a evolução do calazar na Ilha de São Luís, mostrou que a letalidade hospitalar anunciada, de 3,9%, estava subestimada, sendo na realidade de 6,7%, em decorrência dos óbitos que ocorreram nas residências de pacientes não notificados 33 . em 2002, a equipe do Centro de Referência em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (CReDIP) da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), levantando os dados de calazar encontrou uma letalidade de 11,7%.…”