Leishmaniasis in Central Brazil: Results of a Montenegro skin test survey among Amerindians in the Xingu National Park

Aston, D L; Thorley, A.P.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(70)90004-0

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…According to our results, phenol-preserved antigen has always induced a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity response in two moments of the study (fresh and after 1 year of storage), since no non-specific and/or allergic reactions were observed in any situation with the phenol concentrations used both in mice and in humans, contrasting with Pineda et al (2001) who showed some false-positive results for leishmanin skin test due to phenol-containing diluent. Phenol innocuousness has already been reported by other authors who observed that these reactions are so rare that the parallel administration of the antigen diluent as control is totally unnecessary (Aston and Thorley, 1970), unlike thimerosal that, among other clinical manifestations, has a neurotoxic potential (Mahaffey, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Immuno-biochemical evaluations of phenol and thimerosal as antigen preservatives in Montenegro skin test

Mayrink¹,

Machado-Coelho²,

Guimarães³

et al. 2006

Acta Tropica

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Immuno-biochemical evaluations of phenol and thimerosal as antigen preservatives in Montenegro skin test

Mayrink¹,

Machado-Coelho²,

Guimarães³

et al. 2006

Acta Tropica

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“…6,1993 on July 11, 2020 by guest http://cmr.asm.org/ Downloaded from 240 GRIMALDI AND TESH distributions of the various parasites and their prevalence has increased during recent years, the disease is still grossly underreported (67). Furthermore, some leishmanial infections are asymptomatic or subclinical; frank disease represents only a proportion of total infections (12,16,17). This is especially true with infections caused by L. chagasi (16,17).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Features Of Americanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniases of the New World: current concepts and implications for future research

1993

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Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that leishmaniasis in the Americas is far more abundant and of greater public health importance than was previously recognized. The disease in the New World is caused by a number of different parasite species that are capable of producing a wide variety of clinical manifestations. The outcome of leishmanial infection in humans is largely dependent on the immune responsiveness of the host and the virulence of the infecting parasite strain. This article reviews current concepts of the clinical forms, immunology, pathology, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of the disease as well as aspects of its epidemiology and control. Recommendations for future research on the disease and its control are made.

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“…In 1966, it was observed that the LST is often positive in individuals lacking scars to indicate previous infection and who do not recall ever having had symptoms, and it was suggested that these individuals had asymptomatic infections [15]. This observation has since been repeated [16,17], and it is now believed that of all people infected with Leishmania, symptomatic cases represent merely the tip of the iceberg. Although the LST was historically used to help diagnose skin lesions as cases of active CL, its use as a diagnostic tool is questionable due to the fact that the test does not distinguish between active and cured CL.…”

Section: Development Of the Leishmanin Skin Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the leishmanin skin test: A neglected test for a neglected disease

et al. 2021

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The leishmanin skin test (LST) has been used for decades to detect exposure and immunity to the parasite Leishmania, the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis. In the LST, Leishmania antigen (leishmanin) is intradermally injected into the forearm. In an individual who has been previously infected, a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction results in a measurable induration at the site of the injection, indicating that previous exposure to Leishmania has resulted in the development of cell-mediated immunity. LST positivity is associated with long-lasting protective immunity against reinfection, most notably as reported for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Despite efforts over the past few decades, leishmanin antigen is no longer produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions anywhere in the world. Consequently, the use of the LST in epidemiological studies has declined in favor of serological and molecular tests. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the LST and justification for the reintroduction of leishmanin. A GMP-grade leishmanin can be used to detect immunity in vivo by the LST and can be investigated for use in an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), which may serve as an in vitro version of the LST. The LST will be a valuable tool for surveillance and epidemiological studies in support of the VL elimination programs and as a surrogate marker of immunity in vaccine clinical trials. Methods A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed as the primary database, with MeSH terms “leishmanin skin test” OR “Montenegro test” OR “Montenegro skin test.” Articles written in English that describe the history or standardization of leishmanin, the use of leishmanin in an IGRA, or the use of the LST in epidemiological studies or vaccine trials were prioritized in our appraisal of the literature.

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Leishmaniasis in Central Brazil: Results of a Montenegro skin test survey among Amerindians in the Xingu National Park

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Immuno-biochemical evaluations of phenol and thimerosal as antigen preservatives in Montenegro skin test

Immuno-biochemical evaluations of phenol and thimerosal as antigen preservatives in Montenegro skin test

Leishmaniases of the New World: current concepts and implications for future research

A review of the leishmanin skin test: A neglected test for a neglected disease

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