Leishmaniases of the New World: current concepts and implications for future research.

Grimaldi, Gabriel; Tesh, Robert B.

doi:10.1128/cmr.6.3.230-250.1993

Cited by 2 publications

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References 146 publications

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“…Moreover, the geographical distributions of the different vectors and vertebrate reservoirs overlap. For example, the neotropical tree sloths (Edentata ; genera Choleopus and Brudypus), which are reservoirs of at least six Leishmania species pathogenic for humans (reviewed in [17]), are hosts of Endotrypanum (E. monterogeii and E. schaudinni; reviewed in [18]) and two Trypanosoma species (7: rangeli [19] and T. leeuwenhoeki [20]), none of which are pathogenic for humans. These parasites species have also been isolated from recently fed anthropophilic sandflies (Lutzomyia spp.)…”

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Combined occurrence of trypanosomal sialidase/trans-sialidase activities and leishmanial metalloproteinase gene homologues in Endotrypanum sp.

Medina‐Acosta

Paul

Tomlinson

et al. 1994

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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Endotrypanum (order Kinetoplastida: family Trypanosomatidae) is a parasite of forest dwelling tree sloths (Edentata: genera Choleopus and Bradypus). Unique among the haemoflagellates, this protozoan has an intraerythrocytic phase in the mammalian host. Nevertheless, many striking similarities exist between Endotrypanum and the human pathogen Leishmania that make it a useful model for epidemiological and evolutionary aspects of the biology of trypanosomatids. Importantly, Endotrypanum species share both the insect vector and host reservoir with certain species of Leishmania (subgenus Viannia). Because mixed infections with Endotrypanum and Leishmania are common in sloths and, therefore, likely to occur in the sandfly vector, there is a need for adequate biochemical markers to distinguish Endotrypanum from Leishmania infections. In this paper we show that Endotrypanum promastigotes possess sialidase and trans-sialidase activities, which are absent from Leishmania, and which are not closely related to the previously described trypanosomal sialidase/trans-sialidase enzyme. We also document the occurrence in Endotrypanum of homologues of the leishmanial surface metalloproteinase gp63 genes. The combined occurrence of sialidase/trans-sialidase activities and gp63 gene homologues in a unique organism has important ramifications for both field and laboratory studies on the biology of trypanosomatids, especially those related to host infection and evolution.

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