Leishmania (Viannia) spp. dissemination and tissue tropism in naturally infected dogs (Canis familiaris)

Reithinger, Richard; Lambson, Bronwen E.; Barker, Douglas C.; Counihan, Helen; Espinoza, Juan Canales; Gonzalez, Jamintong Sabino; Davies, Clive R.

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90249-x

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Amastigotes can reach the ocular region via the bloodstream (Reithinger et al, 2002) and most likely also via the lymphatic tissue of the conjunctiva (Strauss-Ayali et al, 2004). According to our results, in all dogs Leishmania kDNA was detected in CS on D360, though parasite loads were lower than those observed in OS and VS. Low parasite loads in the conjunctiva have been described by others (Ferreira et al, 2013;Lombardo et al, 2012) and it is thought that amastigotes reach the conjunctival epithelium and persist in a small number of infiltrating macrophages (StraussAyali et al, 2004).…”

Section: Dogsupporting

confidence: 55%

Course of experimental infection of canine leishmaniosis: Follow-up and utility of noninvasive diagnostic techniques

Hernández

Montoya

Checa

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Dogsupporting

confidence: 55%

Course of experimental infection of canine leishmaniosis: Follow-up and utility of noninvasive diagnostic techniques

Hernández

Montoya

Checa

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Even though this investigation did not detect Leishmania or the DNA of L. (Viannia) in the blood and bone marrow of the dogs, even in the two animals that had lesions, there are reports of the presence of Leishmania DNA in the blood 13,14,19,32,33 and bone marrow 14,32 of dogs in ACL-endemic areas. Previously, Velásquez et al 19 found, in the same area of study, the DNA of L.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

A serological and molecular investigation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs, three years after an outbreak in the Northwest of Paraná State, Brazil

et al. 2009

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Classic and molecular (polymerase chain reaction - PCR) techniques were used to diagnose American cutaneous leishmaniasis in 149 dogs from an area in the northwest of Paraná State, Brazil, where an American cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak occurred in 2002. The results were compared to a set of previously obtained results. Twenty-five dogs had positive indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) (titers > 40), including two animals with suggestive lesions. The percentage of dogs with positive IIF was similar to that found in a previous study. The cultures of the lesion, blood and bone marrow were negative for Leishmania. A direct search for the parasite in the lesions proved negative, although PCR tests were positive. The PCR did not detect the DNA of Leishmania (Viannia) in the blood, even for those that had positive PCR in a previous study. The follow up of the 27 dogs showed that the majority of them had maintained the same levels of antibodies that had been detected previously. There was a reduction in the number of dogs with lesions, probably due to the transmission control measures that were adopted after the outbreak.

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“…Considering that amastigotes within macrophages can reach the mucosae through the lymphatic and/or hematogenous route [32] nasal tissues are susceptible to parasite colonization owing to the large number of blood vessels in the mucosa. Furthermore, the muzzle is a favorable site for sand fly bites due to the absence of hair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal, Oral and Ear Swabs for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis: New Practical Approaches for Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of nasal, oral, and ear swabs for molecular diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in an endemic urban area in Brazil.Methodology/Principal FindingsSixty-two naturally infected and ten healthy dogs were enrolled in this study. Bone marrow aspirates, peripheral blood, skin biopsy, and conjunctival, nasal, oral, and ear swabs were collected. All samples, except blood, were submitted to conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to detect and quantify Leishmania infantum DNA, respectively. All dogs were submitted to thorough clinical analysis and were included based on a combination of serological (ELISA immunoassay and immunofluorescent antibody test) and parasitological methods. The cPCR positivity obtained from nasal swab samples was 87% (54/62), equivalent to those from other samples (P>0.05). Positive results were obtained for 79% (22/28) in oral swabs and 43% (12/28) in ear swab samples. A significant difference was observed between these data (P = 0.013), and the frequency of positive results from oral swab was equivalent to those from other samples (P>0.05). The use of ear swab samples for cPCR assays is promising because its result was equivalent to skin biopsy data (P>0.05). The qPCR data revealed that parasite loads in mucosal tissues were similar (P>0.05), but significantly lower than the parasite burden observed in bone marrow and skin samples (P<0.05).ConclusionsNasal and oral swab samples showed a high potential for the qualitative molecular diagnosis of CVL because their results were equivalent to those observed in samples collected invasively. Considering that mucosae swab collections are painless, noninvasive, fast and practical, the combination of these samples would be useful in massive screening of dogs. This work highlights the potential of practical approaches for molecular diagnosis of CVL and human leishmaniasis infections.

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Leishmania (Viannia) spp. dissemination and tissue tropism in naturally infected dogs (Canis familiaris)

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Course of experimental infection of canine leishmaniosis: Follow-up and utility of noninvasive diagnostic techniques

Course of experimental infection of canine leishmaniosis: Follow-up and utility of noninvasive diagnostic techniques

A serological and molecular investigation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs, three years after an outbreak in the Northwest of Paraná State, Brazil

Nasal, Oral and Ear Swabs for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis: New Practical Approaches for Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA

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