2013
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002150
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Nasal, Oral and Ear Swabs for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis: New Practical Approaches for Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA

Abstract: BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of nasal, oral, and ear swabs for molecular diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in an endemic urban area in Brazil.Methodology/Principal FindingsSixty-two naturally infected and ten healthy dogs were enrolled in this study. Bone marrow aspirates, peripheral blood, skin biopsy, and conjunctival, nasal, oral, and ear swabs were collected. All samples, except blood, were submitted to conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative real time P… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications
(45 citation statements)
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“…PCR is considered highly sensitive and specifi c, can be automated, and is applicable to different types of biological samples [28][29][30][31][32][33] . As previously noted 4 , in contrast to antibodybased assays, antigen-based methods such as PCR might become more relevant indicators of infection in the future, as these tests can still be used in vaccinated dogs that will test as antibody-positive.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PCR is considered highly sensitive and specifi c, can be automated, and is applicable to different types of biological samples [28][29][30][31][32][33] . As previously noted 4 , in contrast to antibodybased assays, antigen-based methods such as PCR might become more relevant indicators of infection in the future, as these tests can still be used in vaccinated dogs that will test as antibody-positive.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Outro ponto que pode interferir é a fase da doença que o animal se encontra no momento da amostragem, podendo ser negativos nos testes sorológicos até 3-4 meses pós-infecção (SLAPPENDEL; GREENE, 1990;FERRER et al, 1995;SANTA ROSA;OLIVEIRA et al, 2008).…”
Section: Agradecimentosunclassified
“…Animais doentes que desenvolvem resposta imune humoral podem produzir altos títulos de IgG anti-Leishmania (FERRER, 1999). A soroconversão ocorre, aproximadamente, três meses após a infecção, portanto é necessário cautela na interpretação dos resultados, uma vez que podem falhar na detecção de cães recém infectados (FERRER et al, 1995 (CARVALHO et al, 2003;CHAPPUIS et al, 2006;SUNDAR et al, 2006;ASSIS et al, 2008;WELCH;ANDERSON;LITWIN, 2008).…”
Section: Lutzomyiaunclassified
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