Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum/chagasi: Histopathological aspects of the skin in naturally infected dogs in two endemic areas

Calabrese, Kátia da Silva; Cortada, V.M.C.L.; Dorval, Maria Elizabeth Cavalheiros; Lima, María Angeles; Oshiro, Elisa Teruya; Souza, C. S. F.; Silva-Almeida, Mariana; Carvalho, Luiz Otávio Pereira; Costa, Salvatore; Abreu-Silva, Ana Lúcia

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2009.10.005

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This finding could be related to this cell type being involved in attempts to contain the intense skin parasite density, as described in several studies that evaluated a murine model [41]–[43]. Calabrese et al [21] described an intense inflammatory skin reaction formed mainly by mast cells, indicating that these cells might exert a role in innate immunity against L. infantum infection. Our data regarding mast cells conflict with this possibility, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Higher Expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21, and CXCL8 Chemokines in the Skin Associated with Parasite Density in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The immune response in the skin of dogs infected with Leishmania infantum is poorly understood, and limited studies have described the immunopathological profile with regard to distinct levels of tissue parasitism and the clinical progression of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Methodology/Principal Findings A detailed analysis of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages) as well as the expression of chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL13, CCL17, CCL21, CCL24, and CXCL8) was carried out in dermis skin samples from 35 dogs that were naturally infected with L. infantum . The analysis was based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the context of skin parasitism and the clinical status of CVL. We demonstrated increased inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of mononuclear cells in the skin of animals with severe forms of CVL and high parasite density. Analysis of the inflammatory cell profile of the skin revealed an increase in the number of macrophages and reductions in lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells that correlated with clinical progression of the disease. Additionally, enhanced parasite density was correlated with an increase in macrophages and decreases in eosinophils and mast cells. The chemokine mRNA expression demonstrated that enhanced parasite density was positively correlated with the expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21, and CXCL8. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between parasite density and CCL24 expression. Conclusions/Significance These findings represent an advance in the knowledge about skin inflammatory infiltrates in CVL and the systemic consequences. Additionally, the findings may contribute to the design of new and more efficient prophylactic tools and immunological therapies against CVL.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Calabrese et al [21] evaluated histopathological aspects of the skin in naturally infected dogs and showed that low parasite load is associated with an intense inflammatory reaction driven mainly by mast cells, indicating that these cells exert a role in innate immunity and in the resistance against canine Leishmania infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21, and CXCL8 Chemokines in the Skin Associated with Parasite Density in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of more than one inflammatory pattern, mixed inflammatory patterns, or an overlapping of histological patterns may be observed in L. infantum infections in dogs (Torres et al, 2008). CVL leads to diverse clinical and histological manifestations and the latter mostly demonstrates mild to marked inflammatory infiltrates, depending on host resistance variations (Calabrese et al, 2010). These findings may change due to cutaneous coinfections and concomitant diseases (Gross et al, 2005), such as dermatophytosis fungal, observed in 64.7% of L. infantum positive dogs herein, or hypothyroidism, where the characteristics were more suggestive of atrophic dermatoses than that of parasitic dermatoses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil

Makino

Moreira

Bezerra

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leishmania infantum is a trypanosomatid that causes parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Trypanosoma caninum is another trypanosomatid, which infects the skin of dogs, although cutaneous abnormalities are absent. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of T. caninum infection and its associated cutaneous and histological changes and compare it with the occurrence of L. infantum infection in dogs. The study included 150 dogs, of which T. caninum infection was identified in 3 (2%) and L. infantum infection in 15 (10%) of them, with no association (p>0.05) of these infections with the breed, gender, age, or cutaneous abnormalities. The cutaneous abnormalities were based on 1 (4.8%) and 12 (57.1%) dogs infected by T. caninum and L. infantum, respectively. The dermatohistopathological abnormalities in the dogs infected with T. caninum included mild perivascular lymphohistioplasmacytic infiltrates in the clinically asymptomatic ones, while in those with dermatological abnormalities, acanthosis, epidermal orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, melanomacrophages, and co-infection with Microsporum sp. and Trichophyton sp. were observed. InL. infantum infected, the histopathological findings included chronic granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates and structures compatible with amastigotes. Despite the low frequency of T. caninum infection, our findings suggest that this trypanosomatid, unlike L. infantum, does not cause any macroscopic skin abnormalities.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, using MC-deficient Kit W-sh / Kit W-sh mice for infection with L. major promastigotes results in a worse disease outcome, e.g., significantly enhanced lesion progression and lesional parasite burdens, accompanied by significantly decreased levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A, but significantly increased IL-4 and IL-10, compared to wild-type mice, indicating that MCs play a crucial role against Leishmania parasites by promoting Th1 and Th17 responses in vivo (26). L. infantum / chagasi -infected skins, from dogs of two different leishmaniasis endemic areas of Brazil, showed different skin infection patterns; however, dogs from both areas showed dermic inflammatory infiltrates composed of numerous degranulated MCs compared to normal skin, indicating that MCs modulate the immune response and participate in the host defense against Leishmania infection (27). Dogs naturally infected with L. infantum showed increased inflammatory infiltrates in the skin of animals with severe forms of canine visceral leishmaniasis and a high parasite density.…”

Section: Mcs In Leishmania Spp Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Mast Cells in Parasitic Protozoan Infections

Huang

2017

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., and Toxoplasma gondii are major causes of parasitic diseases in both humans and animals. The immune system plays a critical role against protozoa, but their immune mechanism remains poorly understood. This highlights the need to investigate the function of immune cells involved in the process of parasite infections and the responses of host immune system to parasite infections. Mast cells (MCs) are known to be central players in allergy and anaphylaxis, and it has been demonstrated that MCs have crucial roles in host defense against a number of different pathogens, including parasites. To date, there are many studies that have examined the interaction of helminth-derived antigens and MCs. As one of the major effector cells, MCs also play an important role in the immune response against some parasitic protozoa, but their role in protozoan infections is, however, less well characterized. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the roles of MCs and their mediators during infections involving highly pathogenic protozoa including Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., and T. gondii. We offer a general review of the data from patients and experimental animal models infected with the aforementioned protozoa, which correlate MCs and MC-derived mediators with exacerbated inflammation and disease progression as well as protection against the parasitic infections in different circumstances. This review updates our current understanding of the roles of MCs during parasitic protozoan infections, and the participation of MCs in parasitic protozoan infections could be of a potential therapeutic target.

show abstract

Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum/chagasi: Histopathological aspects of the skin in naturally infected dogs in two endemic areas

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Higher Expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21, and CXCL8 Chemokines in the Skin Associated with Parasite Density in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Higher Expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21, and CXCL8 Chemokines in the Skin Associated with Parasite Density in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil

The Roles of Mast Cells in Parasitic Protozoan Infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About