Legionnaires' Disease in Pneumonia Patients in Iowa

Renner, Edward D.; Helms, Charles M.; Hierholzer, Walter J.; Hall, Nancy H.; Wong, Y. W.; Viner, John P.; Johnson, William M.; Hausler, W. J.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-603

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Other workers have reported a prevalence of 1 % (Foy et al, 1979) and 4-10°,, (Renner et al, 1979;Cohen et al, 1979) in groups of otherwise undiagnosed pneumonias.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen.

Macartney¹,

Walker²

1979

J Clin Pathol

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“…Other workers have reported a prevalence of 1 % (Foy et al, 1979) and 4-10°,, (Renner et al, 1979;Cohen et al, 1979) in groups of otherwise undiagnosed pneumonias.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen.

Macartney¹,

Walker²

1979

J Clin Pathol

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“…Among 500 patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Seattle, 5 (1%) developed at least a fourfold rise in antibody to L. pneumophila serogroup 1; 4 of the patients also developed antibodies to influenza virus A (98). In Iowa, 4.1% of 586 patients with pneumonia developed antibodies to L. pneumophila (215).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionnaires disease: historical perspective

1988

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In the summer of 1976, a mysterious epidemic of fatal respiratory disease in Philadelphia launched an intensive investigation that resulted in the definition of a new family of pathogenic bacteria, the Legionellaceae. In retrospect, members of the family had been isolated from clinical specimens as early as 1943. Unsolved epidemics of acute respiratory disease dating to the 1950s were subsequently attributed to the newly described pathogens. In the intervening years, the Legionellaceae have been firmly established as important causes of sporadic and epidemic respiratory disease. The sources of the infecting bacteria are environmental, and geographic variation in the frequency of infection has been documented. Airborne dissemination of bacteria from cooling towers and evaporative condensers has been responsible for some epidemics, but potable water systems are perhaps more important sources. The mode of transmission from drinking water is unclear. The Legionellaceae are gram-negative, facultative, intracellular pathogens. The resident alveolar macrophage, usually an effective antibacterial defense, is the primary site of growth. Cell-mediated immunity appears to be the most important immunological defense; the role of humoral immunity is less clear. Erythromycin remains the antibiotic of choice for therapy of infected patients, but identification and eradication of environmental sources are also essential for the control of infection.

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“…Since then, we have learned that the disease is newly recognized but not new (3,4), and that it occurs worldwide in epidemic and endemic forms (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). It is apparently a major cause of pneumonia in the United States (9,10) and responsible for a substantial proportion of fatal nosocomial pneumonia (11,12). It affects all age groups, but particularly people over 30 yr, and men more often than women (8,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) Multiplies Intracellularly in Human Monocytes

Horwitz¹,

Silverstein²

1980

J. Clin. Invest.

627

524

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A B S T R A C T We have studied the interaction between virulent egg yolk-grown Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia 1 and human blood monocytes in vitro. The leukocytes were cultured in antibiotic-free tissue culture medium supplemented with 15% autologous human serum.L. pneumophila multiplied several logs, as measured by colony-forming units, when incubated with monocytes or mononuclear cells; the mid-log phase doubling time was 2 h. The level to which L. pneumophila multiplied was proportional to the number of mononuclear cells in the culture. L. pneumophila multiplied only in the adherent fraction of the mononuclear cell population indicating that monocytes but not lymphocytes support growth of the bacteria. Peak growth ofL. pneumophila was correlated with destruction of the monocyte monolayer. By fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein conjugated rabbit anti-L. pneumophila antiserum, the number of monocytes containing L. pneumophila increased in parallel with bacterial growth in the culture. At the peak of infection, monocytes were packed full with organisms. By electron microscopy, L. pneumophila in such monocytes were found in membrane-bound cytoplasmic vacuoles studded with structures resembling host cell ribosomes.

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Legionnaires' Disease in Pneumonia Patients in Iowa

Cited by 43 publications

References 3 publications

Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen.

Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen.

Legionnaires disease: historical perspective

Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) Multiplies Intracellularly in Human Monocytes

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