Legal, historical and political aspects of lobbying in Serbia and the neighbouring countries

Abstract

Апстракт: Појам који етимолошки значи "предворје", постао је основа за политички, правни, историјски, социолошки феномен који носи назив лобирање. Циљ рада је да кроз анализу појма и изазова, регулативе и искустава, и стања по овом питању у окружењу Србије и самој Србији дȃ слику историјске основе, садашњег стања и перспективе лобирања. Као начин спречавања коруптивних процеса кроз законску регулативу коришћења спајања и размене утицаја, овај феномен има дугу традицију у западним земљама, са свим изазовима манипулације закнским могућностима. У раду се указује и на лице и на наличја законске регулативе лобирања. На крају, даје се слика стања у земљама на простору бивше Југославије, као и на процес и напоре за законско регулисање ове материје у Србији.

Hybrid spatialities: Multi-storey extensions of socialist blocks of flats under post-socialist transition in Serbia, the case of Nis

“…Those socially owned industrial enterprises were the main housing providers for their employees, while non-profitable enterprises provided housing through compulsory contributions. Between 1960 and 1980, 70% of the existing multi-storey housing stock in Nis was built (Randjelovic et al, 2009), with numerous mass-housing areas on the city periphery. In 1991, the share of socially owned flats constituted 31.4% (Mandic, 2001).…”

“…The most important changes since 1990 concern the absence of significant public investment in housing development, and the complete absence of investment in rental and social housing and maintenance, as well as a twofold decrease in housing production and closure of the leading public construction companies. This led to the: (1) continuous overcrowding of existing flats (19.6% were overcrowded, while 23.6% were on the verge of falling into this category); (2) the rapid deterioration of mass-housing stock (HACN, 2006; Randjelovic et al, 2009); and (3) a housing shortage. According to HACN (2006), there was a lack of more than 2000 dwellings in the first five years of the 21st century, while the projected demand until 2011 was more than 5000 dwellings.…”

“…However, MSEs offered an opportunity for quick profit. According to Randjelovic et al (2009), the average construction price per m 2 was €300, while the selling price went up to €800. Thus, profit could reach up to 200%.…”

Distributed Laser Therapy System

“…These parameters include energy, power, intensity, and modulation frequency. Example of the laser parameter values, excerpted from the meta-analysis of the published articles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] may be seen in TABLE I.…”

“…Laser therapy is a medical procedure which utilizes the healing characteristics of the laser light to treat different types of ailments in physical medicine, rheumatology, dermatology, or neurology, having the following primary biological effects: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]:…”