“…Match-fixing, the manipulation of sporting contests to yield pre-determined results (Plachta, 2014, Manoli and Antonopoulos, 2015, Hill, 2010, Rodenberg and Kaburakis, 2013, Kyprianou, 2015, often involves bribery of referees, players, managers, or agents (Agius, 2018, Al Jazeera Investigations, 2018, BBC, 2018, Blake, 2016, Mitchell, 2018, UEFA, 2018, Wu, 2018. European policymakers have concentrated on this form of corruption (European Commission, 2007, Council of Europe, 2014, European Parliament, 2011, European Parliament, 2012.…”