Legal abortion by extra-amniotic instillation of Rivanol in combination with rubber catheter insertion into the uterus after the twelfth week of pregnancy

Studies on the Mode of Action of Intra‐Amniotically and Extra‐Amniotically Injected Hypertonic Saline in Therapeutic Abortion

“…Moreover, at the time of effective uterine activity, the sodium concentration (Weingold et al 1965, Csapo 1966, Anderson & Turnbull 1968, Pathak 1968, Wong et al 1972) and the osmolality (Anderson & Turnbull 1968) of the serum have already returned to their initial levels. In addition, the abortifacient effect of 0.1 00 rivanol is equal to that of hypertonic saline (Ingemanson 1973), in spite of the fact that 0.1 00 rivanol is hypotonic and consequently decreases the serum osmolality. It is thus unlikely that the initial increase in the blood osmotic pressure following intrauterine injection of hypertonic saline is responsible for the initiation of abortion .…”

“…hypertonic saline, hypertonic glucose, 40 Yo formalin (for ref. see Bengtsson 1968) and 0.1 Yo rivanol (Ingemanson 1973), as well as prostaglandins (Wiqvist et al 1972). Of these substances, hypertonic saline is the one most widely used.…”

Induction of second trimester abortion by intraamniotic instillation of rivanol (ethacridine) combined with oxytocin infusion

“…This method is commonly used nowadays is Scandinavia and Hungary. To shorten the injection to abortion interval [3,4] Rivanol is mostly combined with oxytocin infusion, PGF2~, and cervical dilatators [2,4,6]. However extraamniotic injection has two short-comings: the possibility of infection, and the possible absorption of drug in large amounts with transient damage to the liver and kidneys [3].…”

Comparison of extra‐amniotic instillation of rivanol and pgf2α either separately or in combination followed by oxytocin for second trimester abortion

“…Rivanol has been used successfully in Sweden since 1969 (6). In a comparison of the efficacy of the hypertonic saline and Rivanol methods, respectively, Ingemanson (6) reported a shorter inductionabortion interval for Rivanol as well as the absence of serious complications.…”

“…In a comparison of the efficacy of the hypertonic saline and Rivanol methods, respectively, Ingemanson (6) reported a shorter inductionabortion interval for Rivanol as well as the absence of serious complications. In most investigations oxytocin has been used as supplementary therapy (3, 5, 10) and Rivanol has been used alone in only a few reports (6).…”