Legacy effects of contrasting organic grain cropping systems on soil health indicators, soil invertebrates, weeds, and crop yield

Short‐term legacy effects of feedlot manure application on soil mesofauna

“…Our finding of legacy effects on certain soil mesofauna groups was consistent with other researchers who reported significant manure-associated treatment effects on soil mesofauna (Jernigan et al, 2020), soil microbial community (Zhang et al, 2018), and earthworms (Miller et al, 2017) during legacy periods. Jernigan et al (2020) reported that legacy effects (1 yr) of past management were associated with differences in nutrient inputs and soil disturbance (tillage) and the preceding crop, with tillage generally having negative effects on soil mesofauna. Zhang et al (2018) concluded that application rate of manure still had a legacy effect on soil microbial community composition 13 yr into the legacy phase, whereas the legacy effect of manure application was not evident after 29 yr. Miller, Owen, Drury, and Chanasyk (2019b) found that short-term (3-4 yr) legacy effects occurred on earthworm abundance, but these effects varied with application rate.…”

“…Legacy effects of manure on soil persist because of gradual decomposition of soil organic matter and slow release of nutrients and from greater inputs of crop residues from higher yields, especially during the years that manure was applied (Larney, Li, Janzen, Angers, & Olson, 2016). Although considerable research has been conducted on the effect of continuous annual applications of manure on soil mesofauna (Cao et al, 2011;Jiang et al, 2015;Kruczyńska & Seniczak, 2010;Miller, Battigelli, Beasley, & Drury, 2017;Moradi, Besharati, Bahrami, & Karimi, 2013;Muturi et al, 2011), little research has been conducted on the legacy effects of manure on soil mesofauna (Jernigan et al, 2020). In central New York, Jernigan et al (2020) found significant differences in soil mesofauna distribution in a silt loam soil among different organic grain farming systems (including fertilization with composted poultry manure) 1 yr after treatments were discontinued.…”

Legacy Effects of Agricultural Practices Override Earthworm Control on C Dynamics in Kiwifruit Orchards

“…The fact that this management effect remained for the whole duration of the incubation experiment (i.e., more than 3 months) suggests that the legacy effects of agricultural management practices can override the influence of the abiotic (here, constant temperature and moisture levels during the incubation) and biotic factors (here, earthworm additions). Similar legacy effects of previous land uses on soil biota have been previously reported (Crotty et al, 2016;Jernigan et al, 2020), and Briones and Schmidt (2017) found that the positive effects of the conversion to 2 | Average values (±standard error) of the variables investigated: C/N ratio, SEOC (mg C kg −1 soil dw), Cmic (mg C g −1 soil dw), Cmic/Corg ratio, CO 2 (µg C g −1 soil dw d −1 ), DOC (mg kg −1 soil dw), and the DOC/DON ratio measured at the three kiwifruit orchards under different management practices. TABLE 3 | Results from repeated measures of ANOVA for the time and time × treatment (agricultural management and earthworm additions combined) effects on the variables investigated: C/N ratio, SEOC (mg C kg −1 soil dw), Cmic (mg C g −1 soil dw), Cmic/Corg ratio, soil respiration (µg C g −1 soil dw d −1 ), DOC (mg kg −1 soil dw) and the DOC/DON ratio.…”

Development of a soil biological quality index for soils of semi-arid tropics

“…Alternatively, soil properties such as soil organic carbon and its fractions, soil aggregates and their stability, and several microbial attributes that are sensitive to management practices were also used to monitor the quality (Bastida et al, 2016;Duval et al, 2020;Giannitsopoulos et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2019). Apart from these, several biochemical properties, including respiration, nitrification, and enzyme activity, were also reported 484 S. Aravindh et al: Development of a soil biological quality index as good sensitivity indicators for the soil quality (Bastida et al, 2015(Bastida et al, , 2019Bhowmik et al, 2019;Jian et al, 2020;Mundepi et al, 2019;VeVerka et al, 2019). However, the choice of soil indicators and their contribution to soil quality vary according to several factors, including climate and intended land-use patterns (Karlen et al, 2006;Stewart et al, 2018).…”

“…However, the choice of soil indicators and their contribution to soil quality vary according to several factors, including climate and intended land-use patterns (Karlen et al, 2006;Stewart et al, 2018). Soil quality was used as a tool to test the effects of soil management practices and tillage systems (Armenise et al, 2013;Jernigan et al, 2020;Williams et al, 2020), land-use type (Masto et al, 2008;Rahmanipour et al, 2014), cover crop (Bastida et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2004;Navas et al, 2011;Jian et al, 2020), and native ecosystems and grassland degradation (Alves de Castro Lopes et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Pérez-Jaramillo et al, 2019) on soil function.…”