Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women

Bassey, E. J.; Fiatarone, Maria A.; O’Neill, Evelyn F.; Kelly, Margaret M.; Evans, William J.; Lipsitz, Lewis A.

doi:10.1042/cs0820321

Cited by 794 publications

(555 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Reduced muscle strength has tremendous potential implications on the ability of these frail elderly to perform activities of daily living necessary to maintain their independence in the community (Hyatt et al, 1990;Bassey et al, 1992). Interestingly, in our study with a very homogeneous population, the low FFM was not related to the Timed`Up & Go' test measuring a combination of balance, gait speed and physical mobility, and correlating strongly with all aspects of perceived function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Muscle strength and functional mobility in relation to lean body mass in free-living frail elderly women

et al. 1998

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Objectives: (1) To describe body composition of the frail elderly, (2) To relate lean body mass to muscle strength and functional ability, and (3) To assess temporal stability of strength measures and index of functional ability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Community-dwelling. Subjects: Thirty frail elderly women (81.5 AE 7 y) recruited from residences or out-patient facilities. Methods: Total body fat and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and predicted from anthropometry. Handgrip strength, biceps and quadriceps strength, functional capacities (Timed`Up & Go') as well as self-perceived health and functional status were measured. Reliability was assessed using two separate observations made one week apart by the same examiner. Results: Mean height, weight and body mass index were 1.52 AE 0.04 m, 60.4 AE 10.7 kg and 26.0 AE 4.8 kg/m 2 respectively. FFM (34.1 AE 4.6 kg) was lower than previous reports for autonomous elderly females and associated with all measures of muscle strength (Pearson's r 0.42±0.62, P 0.02), but not with performance on the Timed`Up & Go' or self-perceived health and functional status. Strength measures correlated signi®cantly with different subscales of self-perceived functional capacities and were signi®cantly lower among women with a low %FFM (n 19) and those reporting pain (n 11) as compared to other women. Excellent temporal stability for muscle and functional measures was observed (ICC 0.80±0.90). Conclusions: Muscle strength was strongly related to FFM in free-living frail elderly women especially in the absence of pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Muscle strength and functional mobility in relation to lean body mass in free-living frail elderly women

et al. 1998

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“…The increased risk of falls with ageing has been associated with a decline in muscle power 9, 10. A new approach to the measurement of muscle force and power is jumping mechanography, which enables the real‐time recording of force, velocity, and power in the leg from a ‘usual’ daily task and so may be more useful than the traditional tests 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Zengin

Pye

Cook

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundAgeing is associated with sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and increased fall risk, all of which contribute to increased fracture risk. Mechanically, bone strength adapts in response to forces created by muscle contractions. Adaptations can be through changes in bone size, geometry, and bending strength. Muscle mass is often used as a surrogate for muscle force; however, force can be increased without changes in muscle mass. Increased fall risk with ageing has been associated with a decline in muscle power—which is a measure of mobility. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to investigate the relationship between muscle parameters in the upper and lower limbs with age in UK men and the influence of ethnicity on these relationships; (ii) to examine the relationships between jump force/grip strength/cross‐sectional muscle area (CSMA) with bone outcomes at the radius and tibia.MethodsWhite European, Black Afro‐Caribbean, and South Asian men aged 40–79 years were recruited from Manchester, UK. Cortical bone mineral content, cross‐sectional area, cortical area, cross‐sectional moment of inertia, and CSMA were measured at the diaphysis of the radius and tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Lower limb jump force and power were measured from a single two‐legged jump performed on a ground‐reaction force platform. Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Associations between muscle and bone outcomes was determined using linear regression with adjustments for age, height, weight, and ethnicity.ResultsThree hundred and one men were recruited. Jump force was negatively associated with age; for every 10 year increase in age, there was a 4% reduction in jump force (P < 0.0001). There was a significant age–ethnicity interaction for jump power (P = 0.039); after adjustments, this was attenuated (P = 0.088). For every 10 year increase in age, grip strength decreased by 11%. Jump force was positively associated with tibial bone outcomes: a 1 standard deviation greater jump force was associated with significantly higher cortical bone mineral content 3.1%, cross‐sectional area 4.2%, cortical area 3.4%, and cross‐sectional moment of inertia 6.8% (all P < 0.001). Cross‐sectional muscle area of the lower leg was not associated with tibial bone outcomes. Both grip strength and CSMA of the arm were positively associated, to a similar extent, with radius diaphyseal bone outcomes.ConclusionsJump force and power are negatively associated with age in UK men. In the lower limb, the measurement of jump force is more strongly related to bone outcomes than CSMA. It is important to consider jump force and power when understanding the aetiology of bone loss and mobility in ageing men.

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“…The proposed HRFTE included six tests: 6.1-m (20-ft) walk Bassey et al 1992), stair climbing (Salen et al 1994), backwards walk (Nelson et al 1994), trunk sidebending (Suni et al 1996), dynamic back extension ) and 1-km walk (Oja et al 1991). Description of the testing methods is presented in Appendix.…”

Section: Assessment Of Health-related Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in physical performance among high-functioning older adults: a 6-year follow-up study

Hämäläinen

Suni²,

Pasanen³

et al. 2006

Eur J Ageing

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Purposes of the study were (1) to investigate changes in physical performance during 6 years followup among high-functioning older adults and (2) to describe the selection of study sample with reference to measured performance. Subjects (n=1,133) born during 1917-1941 participated in the battery of health-related fitness (HRF) tests (6.1-m walk, stair climbing, backwards walk, trunk side-bending, dynamic back extension, 1-km walk and body mass index) in 1996. Six hundred and six subjects were retested in 2002. In general, poorer fitness in the baseline assessment predicted non-participation in retesting as well as test exclusions and interruptions in retesting. The 6-year changes in the HRF showed a linear trend (P<0.01) according to age group: performance of older groups deteriorated on average more than the performance of younger groups. In most of the tests, gender was statistically significantly (P<0.05) associated with the changes in performance. The mean performance of the women deteriorated in all tests during the follow-up, while the mean performance of the men deteriorated only in the trunk side-bending, 6.1-m walk and 1-km walk tests. It can be concluded that among the subjects who participated in the followup testing, older age and being a woman increased deterioration in several components of HRF. Considering the selection of the subjects, the deteriorations identified are very likely underestimations of real fitness changes among this sample.

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Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women

Cited by 794 publications

References 26 publications

Muscle strength and functional mobility in relation to lean body mass in free-living frail elderly women

Muscle strength and functional mobility in relation to lean body mass in free-living frail elderly women

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Changes in physical performance among high-functioning older adults: a 6-year follow-up study

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