Left-Sided Cisterna Chyli

Kurosaki, Yoshihisa; Fujikawa, Akira

doi:10.2214/ajr.175.5.1751462

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In our study, two cisterna chyli were situated more dorsally and one was on the left side. A left‐sided cisterna chyli has also previously been described in a 49‐year‐old man . A left‐sided cisterna chyli has also been reported in two of 26 dogs on MRI images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Computed Tomographic Characteristics of the Cisterna Chyli in Dogs

Birch

Barberet

Bradley

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Previous lymphangiographic studies have investigated the use of computed tomography (CT) for characterizing the thoracic duct and its tributaries in dogs. However, there is limited published information on the appearance of the canine cisterna chyli using CT. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the features of the canine cisterna chyli in pre- and post-contrast abdominal CT studies. The presence, location, shape, maximum width, size compared with the aortic diameter (Ao:cisterna chyli ratio) and mean attenuation of the cisterna chyli were recorded from archived abdominal CT scans of 30 dogs. Breed, age, sex and neutering status were also noted. A cisterna chyli was identified in 26 of the dogs (87%). In 22 cases a cisterna chyli could be reliably identified prior to intravenous contrast administration and in all 26 cases in postcontrast images. The cisterna chyli was most commonly located right dorsolateral to the abdominal aorta between L1 and L4. Shape varied on transverse images from crescent-like to globular and maximum diameters ranged from 5 to 9 mm. The Ao:cisterna chyli ratio varied between 0.29 and 0.71 (mean value-males: 0.32; females: 0.38). On pre-contrast images the mean Hounsfield units were 21.3HU (range: -3.8 to 64.25). Mild enhancement of the cisterna chyli post-contrast was observed in 24 dogs (80%). Findings supported the use of pre- and post-contrast abdominal CT as a non-invasive method for assessing qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the canine cisterna chyli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Computed Tomographic Characteristics of the Cisterna Chyli in Dogs

Birch

Barberet

Bradley

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…In the thorax, the thoracic duct lays on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies and drains into the junction of the left subclavian internal jugular veins [3]. However, there may be considerable anatomic variations of the thoracic duct [7,8,13,15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic duct variations may complicate the anterior spine procedures

et al. 2006

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IntroductionThe thoracic duct is the primary lymphatic vessel and it collects the lymphatic fluid from all the minor lymphatic vessels. Its distal dilated origin is known as cisterna chyli and it is usually located on the anterior surface of the first or second lumbar vertebra. It extends superiorly and usually drains into the left subclavian vein [3,7]. Thoracic duct injury and chylous leakage is a rare complication in spine surgery. However, lymphatic injury after spinal operations [10,12,17] Abstract The aim of this study is to localize and document the anatomic features of the thoracic duct and its tributaries with special emphasis on the spinal surgery point of view. The thoracic ducts were dissected from nine formaldehyde-preserved male cadavers. The drainage patterns, diameter of the thoracic duct in upper, middle and lower thoracic segments, localization of main tributaries and morphologic features of cisterna chyli were determined. The thoracic duct was detected in all cadavers. The main tributaries were concentrated at upper thoracic (between third and fifth thoracic vertebrae) and lower thoracic segments (below the level of ninth thoracic vertebra) at the right side. However, the main lymphatic tributaries were drained into the thoracic duct only in the lower thoracic area (below the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra) at the left side. Two major anatomic variations were detected in the thoracic duct. In the first case, there were two different lymphatic drainage systems. In the second case, the thoracic duct was found as bifid at two different levels. In formaldehyde preservation, the dimensions of the soft tissues may change. For that reason, the dimensions were not discussed and they may not be a guide in surgery. Additionally, our study group is quite small. Larger series may be needed to define the anatomic variations. As a conclusion, anatomic variations of the thoracic duct are numerous and must be considered to avoid complications when doing surgery.

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“…5), although left-sided CC has been reported. 32 The CC is not always visualized, occurring in 35% of patients on postmortem studies, 33 30% to 53% on lymphangiographic studies, 34 and between 96% and 76% on MR ductography studies. 25,35 The CC receives the right and left lumbar trunks, the intestinal trunk, the lowest intercostal trunks, and hepatic lymphatic ducts.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Cisterna Chylimentioning

confidence: 98%

Thoracic Duct Embolization for Chylous Leaks

Chen

Itkin²

2011

Semin intervent Radiol

178

107

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Chylous leaks, such as chylothorax and chylopericardium, are uncommon effusions resulting from the leakage of intestinal lymphatic fluid from the thoracic duct (TD) and its tributaries, or intestinal lymphatic ducts. The cause can be either traumatic (thoracic surgery) or nontraumatic (idiopathic, malignancy). Treatment has traditionally consisted of dietary modification (nonfat diet) and/or surgery (TD ligation, pleurodesis). Thoracic duct embolization (TDE) has become a viable treatment alternative due to it high success rate and minimal complications. In this article, the authors describe the etiologies of chylothorax, patient population, outcomes, and long-term follow-up of TDE patients. Relevant lymphatic anatomy and physiology are reviewed, with special attention paid to the formation of the duct by tributaries at the cisterna chyli (CC). The technique of TDE is outlined, including bilateral pedal lymphangiography, TD cannulation, and embolic agents used for the procedure.

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Left-Sided Cisterna Chyli

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Computed Tomographic Characteristics of the Cisterna Chyli in Dogs

Computed Tomographic Characteristics of the Cisterna Chyli in Dogs

Thoracic duct variations may complicate the anterior spine procedures

Thoracic Duct Embolization for Chylous Leaks

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