Left renal vein transposition for posterior Nutcracker syndrome

Abstract

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Bibliometric and visual analysis of research on nutcracker syndrome from 1974 to 2021: A systematic review

“…NCS is accompanied by hematuria, [ 1 , 2 ] abdominal pain on the left side, [ 3 ] proteinuria, [ 4 , 5 ] gonadal varices, [ 6 , 7 ] chronic fatigue syndrome, [ 8 , 9 ] and other signs and symptoms of rare diseases. [ 10 ] The position between the aorta and the SMA is termed “anterior NCS”, [ 11 ] whereas if found between the aorta and the spinal column is termed “posterior NCS.” [ 12 ] In the early literature, the terms “nutcracker phenomenon” and “NCS” are often mixed, [ 13 ] although “nutcracker phenomenon” is only used to describe anatomical features. [ 14 ] In 1937, anatomist Grant [ 15 ] first described the associated anatomical structure as “the LRV as it lies between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery resembles a nut between the jaws of a nutcracker.” Thirteen years later, El Sadr and Mina published the first clinical report on NCS, [ 16 ] whereas the term “nutcracker phenomenon” was first coined in 1972 by de Schepper.…”

“…NCS is accompanied by hematuria, [1,2] abdominal pain on the left side, [3] proteinuria, [4,5] gonadal varices, [6,7] chronic fatigue syndrome, [8,9] and other signs and symptoms of rare diseases. [10] The position between the aorta and the SMA is termed "anterior NCS", [11] whereas if found between the aorta and the spinal column is termed "posterior NCS." [12] In the early literature, the terms "nutcracker phenomenon" and "NCS" are often mixed, [13] although "nutcracker phenomenon" is only used to describe anatomical features.…”