Left putaminal activation when speaking a second language

Klein, Denise; Zatorre, Robert J.; Milner, Brenda; Meyer, Ernst; Evans, Alan C.

doi:10.1097/00001756-199411000-00022

Cited by 183 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…The evidence from both lesion studies (for example Abutalebi et al, 2000Abutalebi et al, , 2009 and functional imaging of bilingual language control (Abutalebi and Green, 2008;Garbin et al, 2010;Klein et al, 1994Klein et al, , 1995Klein et al, , 2006Lehtonen et al, 2005;Price et al, 1999) has tended to suggest that this function of the basal ganglia is left-lateralized. However, a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of language switching indicates that both right and left striatal structures are implicated in language switching .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional imaging work has suggested a role for a number of language-related and cognitive control-related regions including the striatum (e.g. Crinion et al, 2006;Klein et al, 1994Klein et al, , 1995Klein et al, , 2006, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, the inferior frontal gyrus, and parietal regions, as reviewed extensively by a number of authors (see, for example Costa and Sebastian-Galles, 2014;Friederici, 2006;Hervais-Adelman et al, 2011; and a meta-analysis by Luk et al, 2012). The apparent relationship between mechanisms of language control and cognitive control is increasingly suggested to be at the root of the development of superior executive functions in bilinguals (Costa and Sebastian-Galles, 2014;Stocco et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain functional plasticity associated with the emergence of expertise in extreme language control

2015

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We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to longitudinally examine brain plasticity arising from long-term, intensive simultaneous interpretation training. Simultaneous interpretation is a bilingual task with heavy executive control demands. We compared brain responses observed during simultaneous interpretation with those observed during simultaneous speech repetition (shadowing) in a group of trainee simultaneous interpreters, at the beginning and at the end of their professional training program. Age, sex and languageproficiency matched controls were scanned at similar intervals. Using multivariate pattern classification, we found distributed patterns of changes in functional responses from the first to second scan that distinguished the interpreters from the controls. We also found reduced recruitment of the right caudate nucleus during simultaneous interpretation as a result of training. Such practice-related change is consistent with decreased demands on multilingual language control as the task becomes more automatized with practice. These results demonstrate the impact of simultaneous interpretation training on the brain functional response in a cerebral structure that is not specifically linguistic, but that is known to be involved in learning, in motor control, and in a variety of domain-general executive functions. Along with results of recent studies showing functional and structural adaptations in the caudate nuclei of experts in a broad range of domains, our results underline the importance of this structure as a central node in expertise-related networks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain functional plasticity associated with the emergence of expertise in extreme language control

2015

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“…Although not all production studies focus on the same cerebral areas, the general conclusion drawn by the vast majority of this research has been that L1 and L2 are represented, at least to some degree, distinctly in the bilingual brain (Kim et al, 1997;Perani et al, 2003). It has been proposed, however, that such differences are related to difficulties in articulating a foreign language, rather than distinct representation of L1 and L2 per se (Klein et al, 1994(Klein et al, , 1995. A general limitation of L2 production studies is the fact that researchers have been forced for technical reasons to rely on covert language production, or inner speech.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the current study, both groups were required to read the experimental stimuli, however, the greater involvement of premotor and motor areas in L2 speakers is suggested to reflect greater difficulties in planning motor control of foreign words. Overt word generation in a foreign language has been shown to engage brain areas responsible for fine motor control previously (Klein et al, 1994(Klein et al, , 1995.…”

Section: Differences Between Groups In Language Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native and non-native reading of sentences: An fMRI experiment

2006

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The processing of syntactic and semantic information in written sentences by native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers was investigated in an fMRI experiment. This was done by means of a violation paradigm, in which participants read sentences containing either a syntactic, a semantic, or no violation. The results of this study were compared to those of a previous fMRI study, in which auditory sentence processing in L1 and L2 was investigated. The results indicate greater activation for L2 speakers as compared to L1 speakers when reading sentences in several language-and motor-related brain regions. The processing of syntactically incorrect sentences elicited no reliably greater activation in language areas in L2 speakers. In L1 speakers, on the other hand, syntactic processing, as compared to semantic processing, was associated with increased activation in left mid to posterior superior temporal gyrus. In response to the processing of semantically incorrect sentences, both L2 and L1 speakers demonstrated increased involvement of left inferior frontal gyrus. The results of this study were compared to a previously conducted fMRI study, which made use of identical sentence stimuli in the auditory modality. Results from the two studies are in general agreement with one another, although some differences in the response of brain areas very proximal to primary perceptual processing areas (i.e. primary auditory and visual cortex) were observed in conjunction with presentation in the different modalities. The combined results provide evidence that L1 and L2 speakers rely on the same cortical network to process language, although with a higher level of activation in some regions for L2 processing. D

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“…Only a few functional neuroimaging studies in bilinguals have specifically addressed these interesting issues (Chee et al, 1999a(Chee et al, ,b, 2001Dehaene et al, 1997;Illes et al, 1999;Kim et al, 1997;Klein et al, 1994Klein et al, , 1995Perani et al, 1996Perani et al, , 1998Price et al, 1999). The results of these neuroimaging studies were recently summarized (Abutalebi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of age of acquisition and language usage in early, high‐proficient bilinguals: An fMRI study during verbal fluency

Perani

Abutalebi

Paulesu

et al. 2003

Human Brain Mapping

336

236

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Abstract:We assessed the effects of age of acquisition and language exposure on the cerebral correlates of lexical retrieval in high-proficient, early-acquisition bilinguals. Functional MRI was used to study Spanish-Catalan bilinguals who acquired either Spanish or Catalan as a first language in the first years of life. Subjects were exposed to the second language at 3 years of age, and have used both languages in daily life since then. Subjects had a comparable level of proficiency in the comprehension of both languages. Lexical retrieval with the verbal fluency task resulted in the well-established pattern of left hemispheric activation centered on the inferior frontal region. The effect of age of acquisition was assessed by dividing the subjects into two groups, on the basis of the language acquired first (Catalan-born or Spanish-born bilinguals). Functional comparisons indicated that less extensive brain activation was associated with lexical retrieval in the language acquired earlier in life. The two groups were also different in language usage/exposure, as assessed with a specific questionnaire; in particular, the exposure to the second language (Spanish) was less intensive in the case of Catalans. This was reflected in a significant interaction, indicating a more extensive activation in Catalans during production in Spanish. Overall, these results indicate that, during a production task, both age of acquisition and language exposure affect the pattern of brain activation in bilinguals, even if both languages are acquired early and with a comparable level of proficiency.

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Left putaminal activation when speaking a second language

Cited by 183 publications

References 0 publications

Brain functional plasticity associated with the emergence of expertise in extreme language control

Brain functional plasticity associated with the emergence of expertise in extreme language control

Native and non-native reading of sentences: An fMRI experiment

The role of age of acquisition and language usage in early, high‐proficient bilinguals: An fMRI study during verbal fluency

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