Left Atrial Mechanics: Echocardiographic Assessment and Clinical Implications

Echocardiographic parameters versus CHA2DS2-VASc score in prediction of overall cardiac events, heart failure, and stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation

“…Since CHA 2 DS 2 --VASc score is insufficient in the prediction of HF, echocardiographic indexes may offer more clues. Thirdly, deformation parameters (LV GLS and LA strain) failed to show prognostication in this study, although the degree of impaired deformation was in agreement with prior AF studies [26]. A plausible explanation was that different loading condition and disease process may affect the results.…”

“…Since cardiac ultrasound is a noninvasive and easily assessable tool, the possibility of implementing echocardiographic parameters in risk assessment for AF related adverse cardiac events is of particular interest and needs further characterization. Indeed, several echocardiographic indexes pertaining to stroke risk stratification in AF have already been reported, namely the left atrial (LA) volume index (LAVi), LA appendage flow velocity, or LA deformation analysis [6][7][8]. This implies that incorporation of echocardiographic parameters to a clinical risk scheme to lower disease burden is of potential benefit.…”

Assessment of Left Atrial Deformation and Function by 2‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Healthy Dogs and Dogs With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

“…During the successive conduit phase, the MV opens and the LA empties quickly; the shortening of LA walls results in a strain decrease, up to a plateau corresponding to the phase of diastole. Finally, after the P wave of the ECG, the LA acts as an active contractile chamber in order to complete the LV filling, reaching a second negative peak at the end of LA contraction 11, 13, 16. Starting from the above‐described strain curve, specific STE variables of LA function can be calculated, including PALS and PACS, which reflect the LA function during its reservoir and booster pump phase, respectively 17.…”

“…In people, reference range values, feasibility, and reproducibility of STE for the study of LA mechanics have been extensively documented 12, 13, 14, 15. Furthermore, the clinical and prognostic importance of STE variables has been demonstrated in numerous pathophysiologic conditions typically associated with abnormal LA function, including MMVD, atrial fibrillation, systemic hypertension, and dilated, as well as hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy 3, 4, 10, 16, 17. The majority of STE studies in dogs to date focused on the evaluation of mechanical ventricular properties 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.…”

Left Atrial Function: Modern Assessment Methods and Clinical Significance

“…Глобальная же де-формация ЛП определяется как среднее значение от де-формаций всех сегментов ЛП [23]. Нормальные значе-ния деформации и скорости деформации, полученные в 2D режиме для фазы накопления, протекания и на-соса (от зубца Р ЭКГ ) составляют 37,9±7,6% и 2,0±0,6 с -1 , 23,2±6,7% и -2,0±0,6 с -1 , -14,6±3,5% и -2,3±0,5 с -1 , соответственно [24,25]. Однако представляется, что из всех показателей деформации и скорости дефор-мации ЛП наиболее востребованными и апробиро-ванными являются параметры, полученные в фазу на-копления (εtotal и SR-S), отражающие растяжимость предсердия и фазу насоса (εneg и SR-A), определяю-щие его сократимость.…”